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CSU Research Terms

CSU Research Terms (Mostly Quantitative)

Question	Answer
Null hypothesis rejected in p...	p value is < .05
Nominal data	two or more mutually exclusive categories. male/female
Power	The ability to find differences between groups or correlations.
Research Reliability	Confirmability – This requires that researchers explain their procedures clearly
Placebo effect	subjects respond to a treatment with positive effects because they believe that it will work. Placebo effects occur in both experimental and control groups (both aspirin and sugar pills will have a placebo effect on headaches)
Hawthorne effect	subject's knowledge of participation in experiment influences results
Experimenter bias	expectations of investigator influence results. Blinding can help
Learning effect	Experience with pretest influences subject's scores on post test. Participants have learned the test.
Ordinal data	classifies and ranks in terms of the degree they possess a common characteristic. NOT equal intervals. MMT.
Interval data	Ranks on predetermined EQUAL INTERVALS. NO true ZERO. IQ, F/C temp
Ratio data	ranks based on EQUAL INTERVALS and TRUE ZERO POINT. most precise level of measurement. weight, time, inches, miles
Double blind study	subject & investigator not aware of group assignment (experimental or control)
Bind to test results	Anyone giving a test or assessment in a study should be blind to the results of other tests and blind to group assignment in order to avoid bias
Effect size	size of difference between sample means. T-tests, ANOVAs find a difference in group mean scores. Effect size describes the size of the difference
Generalizability	The degree to which findings apply to an entire population
Informed consent	A process by which participants learn about general nature of study, any risks, what will be done to minimize risks, possible benefits etc. before agreeing to be in a study
Control group	Group resembling experiemental group that does not receive independent variable.
Intervening variable	variable that alters the relationship between IND and DEP
Research Validity	Is NOT the same as assessment validity
Internal validity	degree observed differences in DEP variable are result of IND variable and not some other variable
External Validity	Degree results are generalizable to popn or to environmental settings outside of study
Sampling bias	sampling error - convenience sampling, increases risk of this. Large Random samples help samples to match populations.
n	Sample
N	Population
Independent Variable	A hypothesized cause of an effect. Usually a treatment or intervention.
Dependent Variable	The effect that you are expecting based on a treatment, an intervention or some other independent variable.

Created by: OTTeacherLady

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