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Seventeen

Cytoskeleton

QuestionAnswer
Cytoskeleton is composed of what? A network of protein filaments that extent throughout the cell.
What are the three filaments that comprise the cytoskeleton? (1)Intermediate Filaments (2)Microtubules (3)Actin Filaments
What is structure, function and location of intermediate filaments? (1)rope of intermediate filaments 10nm in diameter (2)enable cells to maintain mechanical stress (3)form framework throughout cytoplasm outside and within the nucleus. Allows cells to stretch without rupturing.
What is structure, function and location of microtubules? (1)hollow fibers of tubulin (protein) 25nm in diameter (2) intracellular transport and help with cell division and cell support (3)cytoplasm of cell.
What is structure, function and location of actin filaments? (1)Comprised of Actin filaments with a 7nm diameter (2) (3)
How do intermediate filaments help to strengthen the epithelial lining of the G.I. tract? intermediate filaments and desmosomal junctions between cells tense up and strengthen cells when some external force is causes cells to stretch.
What protein is used to build the nuclear lamina? Nuclear Lamins (a form of intermediate filament)
Which family of protein subunits makes up the filament structures within epithelial cells of the GI tract? Keratin Filaments
Name the four types of intermediate filaments and give a location for each? (1)Keratin Fibers in epithelial cells (2)Vimentin fibers found in connective tissue, muscle cells and glial cells (3)Neurofilaments found in nerve cells (4)Nuclear Lamins found in the nucleus of animal cells
How is disassembly/reassembly of the nuclear envelope triggered?What element triggers these occurances? (1)Through phosphorylation and dephosphorylation (2)Protein Kinases
Phosphorylation of nuclear lamina causes what to occur? What stage of cell cycle does this occur? (1)Lamins go through a conformational change that weakens the binding between the tetramers and the filament falls apart. (2)Beginning of Mitosis [M-Phase]
Dephosphorylation of the nuclear lamina causes what to occur? What stage of cell cycle does this occur? (1)Lamins reassemble (2)End of Mitosis [M-Phase]
Microtubules extend from what internal structure within a cell? Centrosomes
These types of fibers help create an infrastructure for organelles, vescicles and other cell components to use when traveling from one location to another within a cell? Microtubules
During Mitosis microtubules form these structures which help with cell division, seperation of chromosomes? Mitotic Spindles
Briefly describe the structure and functioning of cilia? Contain microtubules moved by Dynein. Cilia are hairlike projections that extend from the surface of the cell for movement of various types.
Briefly describe the structure and functioning of flagella?
Briefly describe the structure and functioning of lamellipodia?
Briefly describe the structure and functioning of filopodia?
Explain how microtubules and actin filaments contribute to cellular movement in different ways?
What is cell polarization, and which cytoskeletal fiber helps to establish it?
What are motor proteins?
Name the motor proteins that associate with microtubules and explain how they function in directed transport of cellular materials.
How are motor proteins involved in positioning of the Golgi and ER in the cell?
Describe how microtubule polymerization occurs and what is meant by dynamic instability.
Explain the role of the centrosome, microtubule polarity, and capping proteins. ?
Name a key difference in how dynamic instability occurs in actin filaments vs. microtubules.
What effect does colchicine have on dividing cells and why?
What effect does taxol have on dividing cells and why?
Explain the three steps needed for a eukaryotic cell to crawl along a surface.
Explain how the myosin family of motor proteins can either ... facilitate transport along actin filaments, or help to form contractile structures.
List the various contractile structures discussed in lecture, and explain their functioning.
Explain dynamic instability. This refers to the growth and degredation of filaments within a cell and is based on the ability of proteins to bind and hydrolyze a bound NTP.
ALL functions of microtubules are DEPENDANT on what? Motor Proteins!
Microtubules are built from a dimer of _____ and the dimers connect to form a ______. Thirteen _______ form the hollow tube of a microfilament. The ___ end is within the centrosome while the ______ end is protruding into the cytosol. (1)alpha and beta subunits (2)protofilament (3protofilaments (4)negative (5)positive
The alpha-tubulin end is considered the ______ end and the beta-tubulin end is considered the ______ end. (1)negative [minus end] (2)positive [plus end]
Created by: cellbiology
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