Save
Busy. Please wait.
Log in with Clever
or
show password
Forgot Password?
Don't have an account?  Sign up 
Sign up using Clever
or
Username is available taken
show password


Make sure to remember your password. If you forget it there is no way for StudyStack to send you a reset link. You would need to create a new account. Your email address is only used to allow you to reset your password. See our Privacy Policy and Terms of Service.

Already a StudyStack user? Log In

Reset Password
Enter the associated with your account, and we'll email you a link to reset your password.
focusNode
Didn't know it?
click below
 
Knew it?
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
0:00
edit
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.

  Normal Size     Small Size show me how

RhythmPt1 Arrythmias

EKG

QuestionAnswer
What are the four types of arrhythmias? Irregular Rythms, Escape, Premature Beats, Tacharrythmias
What are the three types of irregular rythms? Wandering pacemaker, Multifocal Atrial Tachycardia, Atrial Fibrillation
Describe the characteristics of Wandering Pacemaker P wave shape varies, atrial rate <100, irregular ventricular rhythm, cycle length variation
Describe the characteristics of Multifocal Atrial Tachycardia P wave shape varies, atrial rate >100, irregular ventricular rhythm, cycle length varies
Describe the characteristics of Atrial Fibrillation Continuous chaotic atrial spikes, irregular ventricular rhythm and rate
What are the two broad categories of Escape and their subdivisions? Escape Rhythm (Atrial Escape Rhythm, Junctional Escape Rhythm, Ventricular Escape Rhythm) and Escape Beat (Atrial Escape Beat, Junctional Escape Beat, Ventricular Escape Beat)
What is the difference between an escape rhythm and escape beat? Escape rhythm occurs when an automaticity focus escapes overdrive suppression to pace at its inherent rate (sinus arrest) while and escape beat occurs when an automaticity focus transiently escapes overdrive suppression to emit one beat (sinus arrest).
Describe the characteristics of Atrial Escape Rhythm Sinus arrest followed by a brief pause then an atrial focus becomes the pacemaker. 60-80/min with P waves that differ from those produced by SA node.
Describe the characteristics of Juntional Escape Rhythm Sinus arrest followed by a brief pause then a junctional focus becomes the pacemaker. 40-60/min with P waves that differ from those produced by SA node. AKA “idiojunctional rhythm” Produces a series of lone QRS complexes.
What pathology can idiojunctional rhythm produce? Retrograde atrial depolarization with upright QRS in one of three patterns: inverted P wave immediately before QRS, inverted P wave immediately after QRS, inverted P wave buried w/in each QRS.
Describe the characteristics of Ventricular Escape Rhythm Produces “idioventricular rhythm” of 20-40/min with very large QRS complexes. Don’t really have p waves.
What is another name for ventricular escape rhythm and what can it lead to? Downward displacement of the pacemakerCan lead to Stokes-Adams Syndrome
Describe the characteristics of an Atrial Escape Beat Transient sinus block followed by a P wave that differs from those before it. Then sinus node resumes pacing.
Describe the characteristics of a Junctional Escape Beat Looks like one normal QRS complex following a pause then sinus node resumes pacing. However can produce retrograde atrial depolarization the records as an inverted P wave before or after the QRS
Describe the characteristics of Ventricular Escape Beat Long pause followed by an enormous QRS complex, then the SA node resumes pacemaking.
What causes a premature beat? An irritable focus spontaneously fires a single stimulus. For atrial and junctional foci, irritability is often d/t adrenergic substances.
Describe the characteristics of a premature atrial beat Premature and unusually shaped P wave (or too tall T wave if they are combined) followed by normal QRS. These PABs depolarize the SA node causing it to reset and pace in step with PAB.
What are the possible types of premature atrial beats that can be seen? 1)Regular PAB 2) PAB w/ aberrant ventricular conduction (wide QRS d/t bundle branch still refractory) 3) Non-conducted premature atrial beat (no QRS d/t refractory AV node) 4) Atrial Bigeminy 5) Atrial Trigeminy
Describe the characteristics of a premature junctional beat Abnormal P wave with large QRS.
What are the possible types of PJBs? 1) Typical 2) PJB w/ aberrant ventricular conduction (wide QRS) 3)PJB w/ retrograde atrial depolarization (inverted P waves and reset SA node) 4) Junctional Bigeminy 5) Junctional Trigeminy
What can make ventricular foci irritable? Low 02 (d/t a number of reasons esp. coronary insufficiency or infarction), Low K+, Pathology (Mitral Valve Prolapse, stretch, myocarditis, etc.)
Describe the characteristics of a Premature Ventricular Contraction/Beat (PVC) Enormous QRS complexes that are typically opposite the polarity of the normal QRS’s.
What is a distinctive characteristic of PVC’s? Often see a compensatory pause w/ PVCs because SA node is not reset and still fires giving a P wave w/in a PVC. However the ventricles are not fully repolarized and leading to the compensatory pause.
How many PVC’s in a minute is considered pathological? 6. The focus is very irritable (PVC’s look identical).
What are possible types of PVC’s? 1) Typical PVC 2) PVC w/ compensatory pause 3)Unifocal PVC’s 4) Ventricular Bigeminy 5) Ventricular Trigeminy 6) Ventricular Quadrigeminy 7) Ventricular Parasystole 8) Runs of PVC’s (3 or more=Ventricular Tachycardia 9) Multifocal PVC’s
What is different about ventricular parasystole and what does it look like? It is a dual rhythm from two different sources. The ventricular automaticity focus has entrance block but is not irritable. Looks like PVC’s coupled to a long series of normal cycles.
What is Barlow syndrome? Mitral Valve Prolapse. Causes PVC’s including runs of VT and multifocal PVC’s but is considered benign. Pt’s usually have a med-systolic click w/ a decrescendo murmur.
What is a particular phenomenon that occurs sometimes w/ PVC’s that should be watched very closely? R on T phenomenonwhen a PVC falls on a T wave. Can produce dangerous arrhythmias.
What are tachyarrhythmias and what are the three types and their rates? Rapid rhythms originating in very irritable automaticity foci. Paroxysmal tachycardia (150-250/min), Flutter (250-350/min), Fibrillation (350-450/min).
What are the possible types of Paroxysmal tachycardias? 1) PATs 2) PAT w/ AV block 3)Paroxysmal Junctional Tachycardia 4) Paryoxysmal Ventricular Tachycardia
What are the characteristics of paroxysmal atrial tachycardia? Suddenly, an irritable atrial foci takes over. 150-250/min. Normal appearing P’-QRS-T cycles.
What are the characteristics/causes of PAT w/ AV block? Rapid rate (150-250), 2:1 ration of P’:QRS. Suspect digitalis toxicity or excess.
What are the characterisitics of Paroxysmal Junctional Tachycardia? Rapid rate (150-250), can have retrograde depolarization of atria producing inverted P waves before, after, or buried in QRS. May also havel widened QRS’s.
What type of heart pathology resembles PJT? AV Nodal Re-entry.
Describe the characteristics of PVTs. Rapid rate (150-250). Sudden enormous, consecutive PVC-like complexes. Independent pacing of atria and ventricles (AV dissociation) but cannot be seen d/t large PVCs.
What are capture and fusion beats and what does their presence confirm? Cptrs can occur during VT when a SA depol. passes to vent conduction system producing a normal QRS. Fusions (more common) occur when upper/lower depolarization meet. Looks like a blend of a normal QRS w/ a PVC. Confirm the diagnosis of VT
Since SVT w/ aberrant conduction and look similar to VT, how can you tell them apart? Pt w/ coronary disease/infarction: very common VT. QRS width: SVT<.14sec/VT>.14sec. Captures/fusions: VT. Axis=RAD: VT
What is Torsades de Pointes, what causes it? Rapid ventricular rhythm (250-350/min) that looks like twisted ribbon. Caused by low K+, meds that block K channels, or congenital abnormalities. All lead to lengthened QT segments.
Describe the characteristics of atrial flutter Irritable atrial automaticity foci firing at 250-350/min. Produces consecutive, identical “flutter wave” series followed by occasional QRS.
Describe the characteristics of ventricular flutter Rate of 250-350/min from ventricular foci. Produces series of sine-waves of similar height. Often leads into ventricular fibrillation.
What is the difference between flutter and fibrillation Rate and flutters have one automaticity foci whil fibrillations have multiple.
What are the characteristics of atrial fibrillation Wavy/spiky baseline with or without identifiable P or P’ waves. Irregular ventricular rhythm. 350-450/min.
What are the characteristics of ventricular fibrillation Erratic appearance. No identifiable waves
What is Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome and what does it look like on EKG An abnormal, accessory AV condunction pathway (Bundle of Kent) prematurely depolarizes part of ventricles. Produces a delta wave (looks like a shortened P-R interval w/ lengthened QRS).
What is Lown-Ganong-Levine Syndrome and what does it look like on EKG AV node is bypassed by the James tract and goes straights to His bundles. No PR interval delay. P waves right next to QRS.
Created by: jbartling
 

 



Voices

Use these flashcards to help memorize information. Look at the large card and try to recall what is on the other side. Then click the card to flip it. If you knew the answer, click the green Know box. Otherwise, click the red Don't know box.

When you've placed seven or more cards in the Don't know box, click "retry" to try those cards again.

If you've accidentally put the card in the wrong box, just click on the card to take it out of the box.

You can also use your keyboard to move the cards as follows:

If you are logged in to your account, this website will remember which cards you know and don't know so that they are in the same box the next time you log in.

When you need a break, try one of the other activities listed below the flashcards like Matching, Snowman, or Hungry Bug. Although it may feel like you're playing a game, your brain is still making more connections with the information to help you out.

To see how well you know the information, try the Quiz or Test activity.

Pass complete!
"Know" box contains:
Time elapsed:
Retries:
restart all cards