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chapter-15-skin
pivot-point skin
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| dermatology | The study of the skin its structure,functions,diseases and treatment |
| The skin | is the largest organ of the body covers the entire body and protects it from invasion from outside particles |
| Functions of the skin | sensation,secretion,absorption,regulation,protection,and excretion |
| The skin has three main layers | Epidermis,Dermis,and Subcutaneous |
| Epidermis | which is the outermost layer of the skin referred to as scarf skin,or cuticle |
| Dermis | which is the underlying,or inner, layer of the skin, also called derma, corium, cutis or true skin |
| Subcutaneous | also called subcutis or subdermis, which is located below the dermis layer and composed primarily of fatty(adipose)tissue fatty layer below the dermis |
| The Epidermis | is composed of five layers of cells with differing characteristics and contains no blood vessels |
| Stratum Germinativum | At the lowest level of the epidermis,it begins with stratum basale,or basal cell layer |
| Mitosis or cell division | begin in the stratum germinativum where skin cell growth occurs |
| Keratinization | the chemical conversion of living cells into dead protein cells, begins newly produced cells pushed toward the surface |
| melanocytes | melanin-producing cells are located in the basal layer of the epidermis |
| melanin or melanocytes | is distributed throughout all epidermal cells and forms an effective barrier from the penetration of ultraviolet rays to the deeper layers of the skin` |
| stratum spinosum | is the next layer up and is sometimes considered to be part of the stratum germinativum |
| stratum granulosum | cells become more regularly shaped and look like many tiny granules (almost dead cells)are on their way to the surface of the skin to replace cells that are shed from the stratum corneum |
| stratum lucidum | on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet only, where there are no hair follicles |
| stratum corneum | the uppermost layer sometimes called the horny layer is the toughest layer composed of keratin protein cells that are continually shed and continually replaced by new cells from below |
| acid mantle | a mixture of oil secreted by sebaceous oil glands and water secreted by sweat glands. The pH of the acid mantle averages 4.5.to 5.5. |
| connective tissues | are composed of a semifluid substance containing collage protein and elastin fibers,both of which are found in the dermis layer |
| sudoriferous glands (soo-dohr-IF-er-us)also called eccrine glands | sweat glands that are also found in the dermis layer,makes up the acid mantle. They are controlled by the nervous system |
| sebaceous (sih_BAY-shus)glands | produce sebum oil .make up the acid mantle. |
| Found in the dermis | are the suderiferous(sweat)glands,sebaceous(oil)glands,sensory nerve endings and receptors,blood vessels and a major portion of the each hair follicle |
| sweat glands(three major functions) | control and regulation of body temperatures,excretion of waste products,helping maintain the acidic ph factor of the skin |
| sweat and oil glands | are called duct glands |
| sebum | is a complex secretion containing a high percentage of fatty,oily substances.sebum helps to keep the skin from frying or chapping |
| papillary canal | the sebum or oil is secreted onto the surface of the skin by way of the papillary canal |
| Dry skin | is charcterized by signs such as peeling and flaking. Dry skin has fewer blemishes and is not prone to acne |
| Oily skin | usually has an all-over shiny look and/or a rough texture with blackheads and enlarged pores. |
| Normal Skin | is very rare and quite beautiful. healthy color,a firm, moist and smooth texture, freedom from blackheads and blemishes, and does not appear oily. |
| combination skin | most common skin type can be found on people of most any age and is recognized by the shiny "T" zone(forehead,nose,and chin) noticeable dryness in the cheek,jaw line and hairline areas. |
| allergy | is a sensitivity that may develop from contact with normally harmless substances.symptoms of an allergy may include itching,redness,swelling and/or blisters |
| inflammation | is an objective symptom (one you can see) characterized by redness, pain, swelling and/or increased temperature |
| Chronic | is a term used to identify conditions that are frequent and habitual |
| Acute | is a term used to identify conditions that are brief and severe |
| Contagious disease | is communicable by contact. It is also known as an infectiois or communicable disease |
| seasonal disease | is influenced by weather |
| Etiology | is the study of cause of diseases |
| Pathology | is the study of diseases |
| Prognosis | is a medical opinion of the future condition of illness |
| Dermatitis Venenata | occupational disorders salon professionals may be susceptible to an allergic reaction to cosmetics or chemicals.sometimes referred to as contact dermatitis |
| Subjective | subjective symptoms-those you feel.disorders or disease may be felt but not visible.Itching,burning,pain or symptoms that are felt are subjective symptoms |
| Objective | those you see examples are pimples or inflammation are objective symptoms because they are visible |
| Six signs of infection | pain,swelling,redness,local fever(heat),throbbing,discharge. avoid performing services |
| Lesions | Diseases and disorders are often accompanied by skin lesions which are any abnormal changes in the structure of an orgnan or tissue |
| Macules-primary skin lesion | are a discoloration appearing on the skin's surface |
| Freckles-primary skin lesion | commonly found on the face,neck,and chest are considered macules |
| Papules-primary skin lesion | are hardened red elevations of the skin in which no fluid is present. a pimple is an example of a papule. |
| Vesicles-primary skin lesion | are fluid-filled elevations in the skin caused by localized accumulation of fluids or blood just below the epidermis |
| Herpes simplex* also known as fever blisters-primary skin lesion | is contagious, chronic condition characterized by a single vesicle or a group of vesicles on a red, swollen base. |
| Bulla-primary skin lesion | like vesicles,but larger. Found above and below the skin, they contain a clear, watery fluid. They occur in cases of second degree burns. |
| Pustules-primary skin lesion | are small elevations of skin similar to vesicles in size and shape, but containing pus. They appear whitish or yellowish in color and may be surrounded by a reddish inflammatory border. They may develop from vesicles or papules. |
| wheals | are solid formation above the skin often caused by an insect bite or allergic reaction |
| Tumors | are solid masses in the skin |
| scales | are shedding dead cells of the uppermost layer of the epidermis |
| Psoriasis* | is round dry patches of skin, covered with rough silvery scales |
| Crusts | are dried masses that are the remains of an oozing sore |
| Excoriations | are mechanical abrasions to the epidermis or injuries to the epidermis |
| Fissures | are cracks in the skin |
| Scars | are formations resulting from a lesion |
| Keloids | are thick scars |
| Ulcers* | are open lesions visible on the skin surface that may result in the loss of portions of the dermis and may be accompanied by pus |
| Hypertophies | are identified by an overgrowth or excess of skin |
| Callus | sometimes called hyperkeratosis or Keratoma is a thickening of the epidermis which occurs from pressure and friction applied to the skin |
| Verruca* | is a name given to a variety of warts |
| Warts | contagious human papillomavirus warts can spread from one person to another |
| Skin Tags | are small elevated growths of skin which can easily be removed by a physician |
| Pigmentation abnormalities | describe conditions of too much color or too little color in a particular area of the skin |
| Melanoderma | is the term used to describe hyperpigmentation caused by overactivity of the melanocytes in the epidermis |
| Hyperpigmentation abnormalities | it can be triggered by over exposure to sunlight over activity ot the pituitary gland, circulation of hormones disease and drugs |
| Seborrheic Keratoses | non-cancerous growth |
| Melasma | Chloasma is characterized by a tan or brown patches on the cheeks |
| Chloasma | is a group of brownish macules (non-elevated) spots occuring in one place |
| Moles | are small brown pigmented spots that may be raised. Hair often grows through moles but should not be removed unless advised by a physician |
| Naevus | Nevus is a birthmark or a congenital mole |
| Leukoderma | describes hypopigmentation (lack of pigmentation) of the skin caused by a decrease in activity of melanocytes. |
| Albinism | is a congenital failure of the skin to produce melanin pigment |
| Vitiligo | is characterized by oval or irregular patches of white skin that do not have normal pigment |
| Comedones | or blackheads are masses of sebum (oil) trapped in the hair follicles. Comedones can ber removed with proper extraction procedures |
| Milia | or whiteheads are caused by the accumulation of hardened sebum beneath the skin. |
| Acne | occurs most often on the face,back,and chest and is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the sebaceous glands. Acne can be found in two stages: Acne Simplex or Acne Vulgaris. |
| Rosacea* | or Acne Roscea is a chronic inflammatory congestion of the cheeks and nose observed as redness with papules and sometimes pustules present |
| Asteatosis | is a condition of dry, scaly skin with reduced sebum production |
| Seborrhea | is a condition caused by excessive secretion of the sebaceous glands |
| Steatoma | or sebaceous cyst or wen, is a subcutaneous tumor of the sebaceous gland filled with sebum |
| Furnucles* | or boils appear in the dermis and the epidermis and are caused by an acute bacterial infection. |
| Bromidrosis | or osmidrosis is foul-smelling perspiration. |
| Anhidrosis | is a lack of perspiration caused by fever or disease and requires medical attention |
| Hyperhidrosis | is an over-production of perspiration caused by excessive heat or general body weakness and requires medical attention |
| Miliaria Rubra* | or prickly heat is an acute eruption of small red vesicles with burning and itching of the skin caused by excessive heat. |
| Dermatitis* | is an inflammatory disorder of the skin. The lesions come in various forms. |
| Impetigo* | is a highly contagious bacterial infection that produces a honey-yellow, crusted lesion, usually on the face. |
| Hives* | also called urticaria are an example of wheal lesions. |
| Nodule | is a small tumor |
| Cyst | is an abnormal membranous sac containing a gaseous,liquid or semi-solid substance. |
| Eczema* | is characterized by dry or moist lesions with inflammation of the skin and requires medical attention. |
| Massage | rubbing,pinching,tapping,kneading, or stroking with the hands, fingers or an instrument |
| Effleurage | is a light relaxing smoothing gentle stroking or circular movement manipulation. |
| Petrissage | is a light or heavy kneading and rolling of the muscles. |
| Tapotement | or percussioins is a light tapping or slapping movement applied with the fingertips or partly flexed fingers. |
| Friction | is a circular or wringing movement with no gliding usually carried out with the fingertips or palms of the hands. |
| Vibration | is a shaking movement in the arms of the salon professionals while the fingertips or palms are touching the client. |
| Facial Mask | or packs have many different benefits which include hydration adding moisture tightening of the pores and reduction of excess oil. |
| Hydration | ability to keep the skin soft supple and maintain moisture through water. |
| Clay/Mud | are usually recommended for normal or oily skin types. |
| Cream Masks | are recommended for normal to dry skin. |
| Gel Masks | are designed for a wide variety of purposes. |
| Modeling Masks | are mixed with water and applied in a thick consistency to the face. |
| Hypertrichosis | this condition of unwanted or superfluous hair is referred to as hypertrichosis |
| Shaving | hair removal method most often used unwanted hair is shaving |
| Chemical Depilatory | is a substance that dissolves the hair at skin level |
| Tweezing | is the hair removal method most common used to remove unwanted hairs from smaller areas such as the eyebrows,chin,or around the mouth |
| Waxing | is a procedured that is beneficial for temporarily removing hair from both large and small areas. |
| Threading | is an ancient method of hair removal that utilizes 100% cotton thread that is twisted & rolled along the surface of the skin |
| Sugaring | is a hair removal technique that utilizes a paste made primarily of sugar that is applied to the skin in a rolling motion |
| Electrolysis | permanent hair removal uses electric current to change the cells of the papilla and disrupt hair growth |
| Galvanic electrolysis | destroys the hair by decomposing the papilla |
| Thermolysis | or high frequency/short-wave method involves inserting a single needle (probe) into the follicle |
| Blend Method | of hair removal is a combination of galvanic and thermolysis technology |
| Laser Hair Removal | treatments use wavelengths of light to penetrate and diminish or destroy hairbulbs. |
| Photo-epilation | or pulsed light uses a similar principle as lasers,but this type of light is not considered to be a laser light |
| Pulsed-light | also known as Photo-epilation uses a similar principle as lasers but this type of light is not considered to be a laser light. An intense pulse light beam creates a burst of energy used to destroy hair bulbs with minimal scarring |
| Oval face | rounded,long and narrow rather than wide & short: no dominant areas |
| Round face | looks circular appears to be rather short and wide rather than long and narrow |
| Oblong face | long narrow and angular: jawline is wide and almost horizontal |
| Pear Shaped Face | most often elongated with a forehead that is narrow and a jaw that is the widest area of the face |
| Square Face | Short and Wide: looks angular with straight lines |
| Heart Shaped Face | Long and angular: chin area is sometimes elongated and pointed, while forehead is wide |
| Diamond Shaped Face | elongated and angular: its wides area is at the cheek bones, while the forehead and chin are narrow |
| Hue | Name of a color: identifies the warmth or coolness of a color: Tone |
| Tint | Hue with white added |
| Shade | Hue with black added: Two dimensional representation of form consisting of length and width, but not depth: silhoutte or outer boundary |
| Value | degree of lightness or darkness of a color: also known as level. |
| Intensity | refers to the vividness,brightness or saturation of a color within its own level. Strength of the tone. |
| Tone | Identifies the warmth or coolness of a color: Name of a color, hue. |
| Monochromatic | color scheme using the same color throughout |
| Analogous | Color scheme using three colors that are adjacent to each other on the color wheel. |
| Tridaic | Color scheme using three colors located in a triangular position on the color wheel. |
| Complementary | Colors found opposite one another on the color wheel: In hair color they neutralize or cancel out one another when they are mixed together: used to neutralize unwanted tones |
| Warm color | orange,red and yellow ranges of the color wheel |
| Cool color | violet, blue and green ranges of the color wheel |
| Foundation | Make-up used to create an even skin tone and uniform surface |
| Highlighting | Lightening of designated isolated strands of hair with lightener |
| Contour | Outline of a figure: applying darker contour can narrow a wide jaw |
| Eyeliner | Make-up used to accentuate and define the shape of the eye |
| Eye Shadow | Make-up used to accentuate the shape and color of the eye: also contours |
| Mascara | Make-up used to define, lengthen and thicken the eyelashes. |
| Eye Tabbing | process of applying individual synthetic lashes to the client's own lashes |
| Facial Powder | Make-up product primarily designed to "set" other make-up products so that they last longer without fading, streaking or rubbing off |
| Blush | Make-up that adds color or contour to the cheeks |
| Lip Liner | Make-up used to define natural shape of the lips or correct the shape |
| Lip Color | The purpose of lip color is to complete the balance of color. Lip color is available in a variety of forms. |
Created by:
arlenebermudez
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