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The role of repressed childhood conflicts in personality disorders is most clearly emphasized by the ________ perspective.
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Jaydon doesn't realize that his alcohol abuse and neglect of his family is leading to the destruction of both his family and career. A psychoanalyst would suggest that Jaydon shows signs of a
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Psychexam3
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| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The role of repressed childhood conflicts in personality disorders is most clearly emphasized by the ________ perspective. | psychoanalytic |
| Jaydon doesn't realize that his alcohol abuse and neglect of his family is leading to the destruction of both his family and career. A psychoanalyst would suggest that Jaydon shows signs of a | weak ego |
| Freud suggested that adults with a passive personality marked by a childlike dependency demonstrate signs of | an oral fixation. |
| Carl Jung emphasized the importance of ________ in personality functioning. | the collective unconscious |
| Hermann Rorschach introduced what has become the most widely used ________ test. | projective |
| Abraham Maslow suggested that individuals who are open, spontaneous, and not paralyzed by others' opinions illustrate | self-actualization. |
| Humanistic psychology has been most closely associated with an emphasis on the importance of | a positive self-concept |
| One of the Big Five personality factors is | agreeableness. |
| Sarah's optimism is both a contributor to and a product of her successful career accomplishments. This best illustrates | reciprocal determinism. |
| Marcy believes that the outcome of athletic contests depends so much on luck that it hardly pays to put any effort into her own athletic training. Her belief most clearly illustrates | an external locus of control. |
| Although she is intelligent and a good athlete, Abigail believes that her low grades in school and losing the quarter-mile race are reflections of her own intellectual and athletic incompetence. Her conclusion best illustrates | a pessimistic attributional style |
| Although Alex has frequently been caught stealing money and other valuables from friends as well as strangers, he does not feel guilty or remorseful about robbing these people. Alex most clearly demonstrates a(n) | weak superego. |
| After experiencing prolonged and seemingly inescapable physical abuse from her husband, Kayla became increasingly depressed and hopelessly resigned to her suffering. Her reaction best illustrates | learned helplessness |
| Who emphasized the importance of unconditional positive regard in healthy personality development? | Rogers |
| According to Maslow, the desire for identity, meaning, and purpose beyond the self refers to the motive for | self-transcendence. |
| Children who have witnessed a parent's murder report memories that most clearly challenge Freud's concept of | repression |
| An individual's characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting is his or her | personality |
| Mary enjoys socializing with friends and talking with them on her cellphone. Eileen prefers quiet times by herself when she can reflect on her own thoughts. The characteristics of Mary and Eileen indicate that each has a distinctive | personality |
| Free association is central to the process of | psychoanalysis |
| Forgotten memories that we can easily recall were said by Freud to be | preconscious |
| Freud believed that ________ are the “royal road to the unconscious.” | dreams |
| According to Freud, boys are most likely to experience the Oedipus complex during the ________ stage. | phallic |
| Arjean's opinions are so dependent on what her friends think that she will swallow just about anything they tell her. Freud would have suggested that Arjean demonstrates a | fixation |
| According to Freud, defense mechanisms are used by the | ego to prevent threatening impulses from being consciously recognized. |
| Four-year-old Timmy had not wet his bed for over a year. However, he started bed-wetting again soon after his sister was born. Timmy's behavior best illustrates | regression |
| At one time, disordered people were simply warehoused in asylums. These were replaced with psychiatric hospitals in which attempts were made to diagnose and cure those with psychological disorders. This best illustrates one of the beneficial consequences | the medical model |
| A current authoritative scheme for classifying psychological disorders is known as the | DSM-IV-TR |
| Lenore is unexplainably and continually tense and is plagued by muscle tension, sleeplessness, and an inability to concentrate. Lenore most likely suffers from | generalized anxiety disorder. |
| Years after he barely survived a terrorist attack that killed his wife and two children, Mr. Puskari suffers recurring flashbacks and frequent nightmares of the event that render him incapable of holding a steady job. Mr. Puskari is most clearly showing s | post-traumatic stress disorder. |
| Jeremy often misinterprets normal bodily sensations such as hunger pangs as symptoms of serious illnesses such as stomach cancer. His experience is most indicative of | hypochondriasis |
| Elaine feels that her life is empty, has lost all interest in her career and hobbies, and wonders if she would be better off dead. She is most likely suffering from | a mood disorder. |
| An overabundance of the neurotransmitter norepinephrine is most likely to be associated with | a manic episode. |
| Mr. James believes that people are constantly laughing at him and that FBI agents are trying to steal his life savings. Mr. James is most clearly suffering from | delusions |
| Catatonia is characterized by | periods of immobility or excessive, purposeless movement |
| Kyle is extremely manipulative and can look anyone in the eye and lie convincingly. His deceit often endangers the safety and well-being of those around him, but he is indifferent to any suffering they might experience as a result of his actions. His beha | antisocial personality disorder. |
| A therapist who uses a variety of psychological theories and therapeutic methods is said to be | eclectic |
| While focusing on several intrusive thoughts that had been bothering her recently, Jenny was instructed by her therapist to report any ideas or memories stimulated by these thoughts. Jenny's therapist was making use of a technique known as | free association. |
| Who emphasized the importance of active listening in the process of psychotherapy? | Carl Rogers |
| A therapist helps Rebecca overcome her fear of water by getting her to swim in the family's backyard pool three times a day for two consecutive weeks. The therapist's approach to helping Rebecca best illustrates | exposure therapy. |
| In a home for troubled youth, adolescents receive large colored buttons when they hang up their clothes, make their beds, and come to meals on time. The adolescents return the buttons to staff members to receive bedtime snacks or watch TV. This best illus | operant conditioning. |
| Cognitive therapists are most likely to | emphasize the importance of clients' personal interpretations of life events |
| Nancy's therapist encourages her to think about her strengths rather than her weaknesses and to develop a habit of thanking others when they compliment her or provide emotional support. The therapist's approach best illustrates | cognitive-behavior therapy. |
| The double-blind technique is most likely to be used in evaluating the effectiveness of | drug therapies. |
| Tardive dykinesia is associated with the long-term use of certain ________ drugs. | antipsychotic |
| Which of the following individuals is most likely to benefit from lithium? | Miranda, who experiences periods of extreme sadness followed by episodes of optimistic overexcitement |
| During her weekly therapy sessions, Sabrina will often abruptly shift the focus of her attention and lose her train of thought. A psychoanalyst would suggest that this illustrates | resistance. |
| Who emphasized the importance of transference in the therapeutic process? | Sigmund Freud |
| Considering the greatest range of factors that may contribute to the process of healing is most clearly facilitated by a ________ approach to therapy. | biopsychosocial |
| Patients receive a general anesthetic and muscle relaxant prior to treatment with | ECT. |
| Which of the following drugs is most likely to provide schizophrenia patients with some relief from their auditory hallucinations and paranoia? | Thorazine |
| Marilyn judges her professor's strict class attendance policy to be an indication of his overcontrolling personality rather than a necessity dictated by the limited number of class sessions in a course that meets only once a week. Her judgment best illust | the fundamental attribution error. |
| Cognitive dissonance theory is most helpful for understanding the impact of | role-playing on attitude change. |
| In making wedding preparations, Jason conforms to the expectations of his future bride's family simply to win their favor. His behavior illustrates the importance of | normative social influence. |
| Participants in Milgram's obedience experiments were informed that they were involved in a study of | learning |
| Bonnie pedals an exercise bike at her health club much faster when other patrons happen to be working out on nearby equipment. This best illustrates | social facilitation. |
| When a group of racially prejudiced high school students discussed racial issues, their attitudes became even more prejudiced. This best illustrates | group polarization. |
| Kelly, a Republican, and Carlos, a Democrat, both believe that members of their own political party are more fair-minded and trustworthy than members of other parties. Their beliefs best illustrate | ingroup bias. |
| When visiting the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp shortly after World War II, one German civilian was said to have remarked, “What terrible criminals these prisoners must have been to receive such treatment.” This reaction is best explained in terms of | the just-world phenomenon. |
| When buying groceries, many shoppers prefer certain products simply because they have a familiar brand name. This preference best illustrates the importance of | the mere exposure effect. |
| Which theory best explains why the excitement that lingers after a frightening event can facilitate passionate love? | the two-factor theory |
| Mr. Hughes heard what sounded like cries for help from a swimmer located 30 yards from the ocean shoreline. He continued walking along the beach, however, because he figured that one of the many swimmers in the vicinity would provide help if it was needed | the bystander effect. |
| The fundamental attribution error involves | underestimating situational constraints on another's behavior. |
| Professor Stewart wrote a very positive letter of recommendation for a student despite having doubts about her competence. Which theory best explains why he subsequently began to develop more favorable attitudes about the student's abilities? | cognitive dissonance theory |
| Groupthink is fueled by a desire for | Harmony |
| Evidence that people exhibit heightened levels of prejudice when they are economically frustrated offers support for | the scapegoat theory. |
| Although Natalie receives somewhat greater rewards from her marriage than does her husband, both are satisfied with the relationship because they each benefit in proportion to what they put into it. This best illustrates the significance of | equity |
| After Mrs. Chanski and her children had helped themselves to free samples of the cookies being promoted in the grocery store, she felt obligated to buy some, even though they seemed unreasonably expensive. Her reaction best illustrates the significance of | the reciprocity norm |
| Although the leaders of two enemy nations admit to a buildup of their own military forces, each sees the other country's actions as unreasonable and motivated by evil intentions. This situation best illustrates | mirror-image perceptions. |
| Initiating one or more small conciliatory acts is a central feature of | GRIT |
| Which branch of psychology is most directly concerned with the study of how people think about, influence, and relate to one another? | social psychology |
| Fritz Heider concluded that people tend to attribute others' behavior either to their | dispositions or their situations. |
| Attitudes are ________ that guide behavior. | belief-based feelings |
| Carol is restless during class because her professor's distressed facial expressions lead her to believe that he dislikes teaching. The professor, on the other hand, is distressed because he sees Carol's restlessness as an indication that she lacks any mo | the fundamental attribution error. |
| The impact of our actions on our attitudes is best illustrated by the | foot-in-the-door phenomenon. |
| When Hutu militia began to slaughter the Tutsi in 1994, missionary Carl Wilkens risked his own life to save the lives of others. His actions best illustrated | altruism |
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