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A&P2 CH-16
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| GLUCONEOGENESIS OCCURS IN THE LIVER DUE TO THE ACTION OF | CORTISOL |
| NORMAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE IMMUNE RESPONSE IS DUE IN PART TO HORMONES PRODUCED BY | THYMUS GLAND |
| VIRTUALLY ALL OF THE PROTEIN OR AMINO ACID BASED HORMONES EXERT THEIR AFFECTS THROUGH INTRACELLULAR | SECOND MESSENGERS |
| ______IS NOT A CATEGORY OF ENDOCRINE GLAND STIMULUS | ENZYME |
| CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES SECRETED BY CELLS INTO EXTRACELLULAR FLUIDS AND THAT REGULATE THE METABOLIC FUNCTION OF OTHER CELLS IN THE BODY ARE CALLED | HORMONES |
| THE HYPOTHALMIC HYPOPHYSEAL TRACT | IS PARTLY CONTAINED WITHING THE INFUNDIBULUM |
| _______ ________ _______ ARE CARDINAL SIGNS OF DIABETES MELLITUS | POLYURIA, POLYDIPSIA, POLYPHAGIA |
| _________IS NOT A FACTOR REQUIRED FOR TARGET CELL ACTIVATION BY HORMONE RECEPTOR INTERACTION | TYPE OF HORMONE |
| OXYTOCIN | RELEASE IS AN EXAMPLE OF A POSITIVE FEEDBACK CONTROL MECHANISM |
| ADH_________ | IS INHIBITED BY ALCOHOL |
| THYROID HORMONE EXERTS ITS INFLUENCE BY | ENTERING SOME CELLS AND BINDING TO INTRACELLULAR RECEPTORS WITHIN NUCLEI |
| GONADOCORTICOIDS | PRODUCTION BY THE ADRENAL GLAND IS INSIGNIFICANT COMPARED WITH SEX HORMONE RELEASE FROM THE GONADS DURING LATE PUBERTY |
| SOMETIMES PROLONGED EXCESSIVE EXPOSURE TO HIGH HORMONE CONCENTRATIONS CAUSES A PHENOMENON KNOWN AS | DOWN REGULATION |
| _________IS NOT A CHANGE THAT MAY BE CAUSED BY HORMONAL STIMULUS | DIRECT CONTROL OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM |
| THE ABILITY OF A SPECIFIC TISSUE OR ORGAN TO RESPOND TO THE PRESENCE OF A HORMONE IS DEPENDANT ON | THE PRESENCE OF THE APPROPRIATE RECEPTORS ON THE CELLS OF THE TARGET TISSUE OR ORGAN |
| SEVERAL HORMONES ARE SYNTHESIZED IN THE HYPOTHALMUS AND TRANSPORTED TO THE ANTERIOR PITUITARY GLAND. THE MECHANISM OF TRANSPORTATION FROM HYPOTHALMUS TO ANTERIOR PITUITARY GLAND IS THROUGH THE | HYPOPHYSEAL PORTAL SYSTEM |
| THE NEUROHYPOHYSIS OR POSTERIOR LOBE OF THE PITUITARY GLAND IS NOT A TRUE ENDOCRINE GLAND BECAUSE | IT IS ONLY A HORMONE STORAGE AREA THAT RECEIVES HORMONES FROM THE HYPOTHALMUS FOR RELEASE |
| STEROID HORMONES EXERT THEIR ACTION BY | ENTERING THE NUCLEUS OF A CELL AND INITIATING OR ALTERING THE EXPRESSION OF A GENE |
| THE SECOND MESSENGER MECHANISM OF HORMONE ACTION OPERATES BY | BINDING TO SPECIFIC RECEPTORS AND EMPLOYING THE SERVICES OF G PROTEINS AND cAMP |
| HORMONES OFTEN CAUSE A CELL TO ELICIT MULTIPLE RESPONSES. THIS IS BECAUSE | DURING PROTEIN KINASE ACTIVATION ENZYMES PHOSPHORYLATE MANY OTHER ENZYMES |
| CELLS THAT RESPOND TO PEPTIDE HORMONES USUALLY DO SO THROUGH A SEQUENCE OF BIOCHEMICAL REACTIONS INVOLVING RECEPTOR & KINASE ACTIVATION. IN ORDER FOR CELLS TO RESPOND, IT IS NECESSARY FOR THE 1ST AND 2ND MESSENGERS TO COMMUNICATE THIS IS POSSIBLE BECAUSE | G PROTEIN ACTS AS THE LINK BETWEEN FIRST AND SECOND MESSENGERS |
| THYROID HORMONE (A SMALL IODINATED AMINE) ENTERS TARGET CELLS IN A MANNER SIMILAR TO | STEROID HORMONES, BECAUSE BOTH DIFFUSE EASILY INTO TARGET CELLS |
| WHEN IT BECOMES NECESSARY TO ENLIST THE FIGHT OR FLIGHT RESPONSE A HORMONE THAT IS RELEASED DURING THE ALARM PHASE OF THE GENERAL ADAPTION SYNDROME IS | EPINEPHRINE |
| ONE OF THE LEAST COMPLICATED OF THE ENDOCRINE CONTROLS SYSTEMS DIRECTLY RESPONDS TO CHANGING BLOOD LEVELS OF IONS AND NUTRIENTS. WHAT DESCRIBES THIS MECHANISM | HUMORAL STIMULATION |
| THE MAJOR TARGETS OF GROWTH HORMONE ARE | BONES AND SKELETAL MUSCLES |
| THE PARATHYROID GLANDS MAINTAIN ADEQUATE LEVELS OF BLOOD CALCIUM. THIS IS ACCOMPLISHED THROUGH | TARGETING THE BONE AND ACTIVATING OSTECLASTS SO THAT CALCIUM WILL BE RELEASED |
| WHICH ORGAN IS RESPONSIBLE FOR SYNTHESIZING ANP | THE HEART |
| MINERALOCORTICOID IS TO ALDOSTERONE AS GLUCOCORTICOID IS TO | CORTISOL |
| LEPTIN IS SECRETED BY | ADIPOCYTES |
| THE MOST IMPORTANT REGULATOR OF ELECTROLYTE CONCENTRATIONS IN EXTRACELLULAR FLUIDS IS | ALDOSTERONE |
| _____ IS NOT A STEROID BASED HORMONE | EPINEPHRINE |
| _______WOULD BE ASSOCIATED WITH THE ACTION OF STEROIDS ON CELLS | A HORMONE RECEPTOR COMPLEX THAT INTERACTS DIRECTLY WITH THE CELLS DNA |
| CELLLULAR RESPONSES TO HORMONES THAT INITIATE SECOND MESSENGER SYSTEMS | POSSIBLE ACTIVATION OF SEVERAL DIFFERENT SECOND MESSENGER SYSTEMS |
| REGULATING HORMONES FROM HYPOTHALMUS | FIRST ENTER INTO THE HYPOPHYSEAL PORTAL SYSTEM |
| ACTH____ | SECRETION IS REGULATED BY A HYPOTHALMIC SECRETION |
| WHAT IS A TRUE STATEMENT ABOUT CALCIUM HOMEOSTASIS | PARATHYROID HORMONE IS THE SINGLE MOST IMPORTANT REGULATOR OF CALCIUM LEVELS IN THE BLOOD |
| ALDOSTERONE | FUNCTIONS TO INCREASE SODIUM REABSORPTION |
| THE ONLY AMINE HOROMONE TO ACT LIKE A STEROID IS | TH |
| IN CIRCUMSTANCES WHERE THE BODY REQUIRES PROLONGED OR INCREASED LEVELS OF A HORMONE, THE DNA OF TARGET CELLS WILL SPECIFY THE SYNTHESIS OF MORE RECEPTORS ON THE SURFACE OF THE CELLS OF THE TARGET ORGAN. THIS IS KNOWN AS | UP REGULATION |
| EICOSANOIDS DO NOT INCLUDE | HYDROCORTISONES |
| A MAN HAS BEEN TOLD THAT HE IS NOT SYNTHESIZING ENOUGH FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE (FSH) AND FOR THIS REASON HE MAY BE UNABLE TO FATHER A CHILD. WHAT WOULD BE THE CORRECT STATEMENT FOR HIS PROBLEM | FSH STIMULATES SPERM PRODUCTION IN THE TESTES |
| ________IS AFFECTED BY THE THYROID HORMONE IN ADULTS | LIVER |
| THYROXINE IS A PEPTIDE HORMONE BUT ITS MECHANISM IS DIFFERENT FROM OTHER PEPTIDE HORMONES. WHAT WOULD BE A TRUE STATEMENT CONCERNING THIS DIFFERENCE | IT DOES NOT REQUIRE A SECOND MESSENGER TO EFFECT A RESPONSE |
| HOW DO GLUCOCORTICOIDS ENABLE THE BODY TO DEAL APPROPRIATELY WITH STRESS | BY INCREASING BLOOD GLUCOSE FATTY ACID AND AMINO ACID LEVELS AND ENHANCING BLOOD PRESSURE |
| WHAT ION IS SOMETIMES USED AS A SECOND MESSENGER OF AMINO ACID BASED HORMONES | CALCIUM |
| _______ARE HORMONES SYNTHESIZED FRO CHOLESTEROL | STEROIDS |
| _______IS A HORMONE THAT HAS ONLY ONE KNOWN EFFECT: TO STIMULATE MILK PRODUCTION BY THE BREASTS | PROLACTIN |
| ______________ ARE THE RESULT OF HYPERSECRETION OF GROWTH HORMONE | ACROMEGALY & GIANTISM |
| THE LARGEST PURE ENDOCRINE GLAND IN THE BODY IS THE | THYROID GLAND |
Created by:
TRESCEE