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ap marieb ch17 rvw
Anat and phys Marieb chap 17 review - Blood
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The ______ is the fluid portion of the blood. | plasma |
| Hormone production is a function of blood T/F | False |
| The main protein in blood plasma is: | albumin |
| Antibodies are a formed element of the blood T/F | False (erythrocytes, platelets, leukocytes) |
| In adults, red blood cell production occurs in__________. | red bone marrow |
| Bilirubin is cleared from the body by which organ? | the liver |
| An abnormal excess of erythrocytes is called__________. | polycythemia |
| You observe a large cell with a "U" shaped nucleus in a leukocyte. This cell is most likely a(n): | monocyte |
| Hemostasis leads to a _______ of bleeding: | stoppage of bleeding |
| Leukocytosis is a functional characteristic of leukocytes T/F | False (amoeboid motion, diapedesis, positive chemotaxis) |
| Which of the following represents a difference between extrinsic and intrinsic blood clotting cascades? One is faster than the other. One is triggered by tissue damage while the other cannot be triggered by tissue damage. | one is faster than the other |
| Which of the following would not lead to a bleeding disorder? Impaired liver function; Excess calcium in the diet; Thrombocytopenia; Vitamin K deficiency | excess calcium in the diet |
| Which of the following scenarios could result in HDN (hemolytic disease of the newborn)? O+ female pregnant with a B+ baby; AB- female pregnant with an AB- baby.; B- female pregnant with an AB+ baby.; A+ female pregnant with a B- baby. | B- female pregnant with an AB+ baby. |
| What protein involved in coagulation provides the scaffolding for tissue repair? | fibrin |
| Which of the following does not serve as a site for blood cell production in the developing fetus? Spleen; Red bone marrow; Fetal yolk sac; Liver; Intestines | intestines |
| Erythrocytes lack a nucleus. T/f | true |
| All leukocytes are also lymphocytes. T/F | false |
| Which ABO blood type is considered to be the universal donor? | O |
| Choose the compatible transfusion. Donate type AB blood to a recipient with type B blood; Donate type A blood to a recipient with type B blood; Donate type O blood to a recipient with type AB blood; Donate type B blood to a recipient with type O blood. | Donate type O blood to a recipient with type AB blood. |
| What is an embolus? | a blood clot that has broken loose and is floating freely in the blood stream |
| Which of the following is NOT a part of hemostasis? vascular relaxation; coagulation; vascular spasm; platelet plug formation | vascular relaxation |
| A person who lacks agglutinogens A and B would have blood type: | O |
| The enzyme ______ digests fibrin clots. | plasmin |
| Which leukocyte functions in phagocytizing bacteria? | neutrophil |
| Which of the formed elements contains hemoglobin and transports respiratory gases? | erythrocytes |
| The first step in hemostasis is: | vascular spasm |
| Platelet formation is regulated by: | thrombopoietin |
| In a centrifuged sample of blood, what makes up the buffy coat? | white blood cells and platelets |
| What is the average normal pH range of blood? | 7.35-7.45 |
| What is a protective function of blood? | prevention of blood loss |
| Which of these is not a normal plasma protein? gamma globulin; thromboplastin; albumin; fibrinogen | thromboplastin |
| Which of the following might trigger erythropoiesis? an increased number of RBCs; hypoxia of EPO-producing cells; moving to a lower altitude; decreased tissue demand for oxygen | hypoxia of EPO-producing cells |
| James has a hemoglobin measurement of 16 g/100 ml blood. This is above/below/within the normal range | within |
| Place the following in correct developmental sequence:1. Reticulocyte 2. Proerythroblast 3. Normoblast 4. late erythroblast | 2, 4, 3, 1 |
| What is characteristic of all leukocytes compared to other formed elements? | they are nucleated |
| Complications of aplastic anemia generally do not include ________. increase of leukocytes as a result of erythrocyte loss; bleeding disorders; impaired formation of all formed elements; suppressed immunity | increase of leukocytes as a result of erythrocyte loss |
| Hemoglobin is made up of the protein heme and the red pigment globin. T/F | False |
| ____ is a pivotal molecule associated with the external surfaces of aggregated platelets and is involved in the intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms of blood clotting? | PF3 |
| The slowest step in the clotting process is ________. | formation of prothrombin activator |
| Thromboembolic disorders include embolus formation, a clot moving within the circulatory system T/F | True |
| The immediate response to blood vessel injury is clotting. T/F | false |
| The process of fibrinolysis disposes of bacteria when healing has occurred. T/F | False |
| A patient complains of no energy, a chronic sore throat, a low-grade fever, and is tired and achy. His doctor notes an enlarged spleen upon examination. What diagnosis would you expect, and what definitive test would you request? | The diagnosis is infectious mononucleosis. The test would be a differential white blood cell count to look for elevated numbers of monocytes and atypical lymphocytes. |
| A total WBC count and a differential WBC count have been ordered for Mrs. Johnson. What information is obtained from the differential count that the total count does not provide? | The differential count determines the relative proportion of individual leukocyte types. The total WBC count indicates an increase or decrease in number of WBCs. |
| The primary source of RBCs in the adult human being is the bone marrow in the shafts of the long bones. T/F | False |
| ________ is the stage of development in the life of an erythrocyte during which the nucleus is ejected. | normoblast |
| Positive chemotaxis is a feedback system that signals leukocyte migration into damaged areas. T/F | True |
| Basophils increase in number when parasitic invasion occurs. T/F | false |
| Leukocytes move through the circulatory system by amoeboid motion. T/F | False diapedesis |
| All lymphocytes are leukocytes, but not all leukocytes are lymphocytes. T/F | True |
| Blood typing for the Kell, Lewis, and Duffy factors is always done before a blood transfusion. T/F | False |
| When neither anti-A sera nor anti-B sera clot on a blood plate with donor blood, the blood is type ________. | O |
| When can erythroblastosis fetalis not possibly happen in the child of an Rh negative mother? if the father is Rh-; if the child is Rh+; if the father is Rh+; if the child is type O positive | if the father is Rh- |
| A healthy adult male has approximately ___ liters of blood. | 5-6 |
| A major plasma protein that maintains the blood osmotic pressure is: | albumin |
| Granulocytes do NOT include: | monocytes |
| Mature red blood cells in the circulating blood are filled with: | hemoglobin molecules |
| Pernicious anemia may result from: | either by absence of Vitamin B12 in diet or by deficiency of intrinsic factor (necessary to absorb B12). |
| The final step in clot formation is: | fibrinogen → fibrin. |
| The most numerous leukocyte is the: | Neutrophils make up 50-70% of the leukocyte population. |
| The terms biconcave and anucleated apply to white/red blood cells | red |
| Which leukocyte contains histamine in its granules? | basophils |
| The lifespan of platelets is between 30-60 days T/f | False 5-10 |
| Which property do white blood cells have in common? | WBCs are nucleated and have a protective function. |
| Individuals with malaria have a better chance of surviving if they have which type of anemia? | sickle cell anemia |
| What types of white blood cells kills parasitic worms, destroys antibody complexes, and inactivates some inflammatory chemicals of allergy? | Eosinophils |
| _______ release histamine and other mediators of inflammation. | basophils |
| Lymphocytes are _____immune system cells that destroy the body's invaders. | specific |
| The percentage of total volume used to determine the number of erythrocytes in a blood sample is referred to as the: | hematocrit |
| RBC’s are efficient oxygen transporters because t hey generate ATP by anaerobic mechanisms and do not consume any of the oxygen they carry. T/F | True |
| Another term for reduced hemoglobin is: | deoxyhemoglobin |
| Macrocytic anemia is an illustration of iron deficiency seen in individuals who have expanded their blood by increased activity. T/F | False (true is athlete’s anemia. Macrocytic anemia is caused by vitamin B12 deficiency. |
| The process of actively metabolizing oxygen to produce bleach and hydrogen to kill bacteria is known as: | respiratory burst |
| Thromboxane A2 is responsible for limiting a platelet plug to the immediate area of damage? T/F | False (Thromboxane A2 attracts more platelets to the site of damage and increases vascular spasm in the damaged area. Prostacyclin limits the platelet plug to the immediate damaged area.) |
| Erythroblastosis fetalis is caused by: | An increase in the number of erythrocytes in the newborn does not cause erythroblastosis fetalis. Rh incompatibility between an Rh-negative mother and her Rh-positive baby during pregnancy would cause erythroblastosis fetalis. |
| Which of the following plasma expanders would be associated with the least complications? Dextran; human serum albumin; Hetastarch; Ringer’s Solution | Ringer’s Solution |
| Eighty-five percent of Americans carry the ______ Rh agglutinogen on their RBCs. | Eighty-five percent of Americans carry the **D** Rh agglutinogen on their RBCs. |
| Which antibodies would be found in the serum of a person with AB blood? | A person with AB blood has neither anti-A nor anti-B antibodies. |
| Each hemoglobin molecule has four polypeptide chains: two alpha chains and two beta chains. T/F | True |
| Eosinophils are erythrocytes that fight parasitic infection or allergic reaction. T/F | False (Eosinophils are leukocytes that defend the body against parasite infections and lessen the severity of allergic reactions.) |
| Hemoglobin serves to transport oxygen, but NOT carbon dioxide. T/F | False (About 20% of carbon dioxide is transported bound to hemoglobin.) |
| Plasma contains water, proteins, nutrient molecules, and hormones. T/F | True |
| Reticulocytes are sometimes found in circulating blood and are filled with hemoglobin and some ribosomes. T/F | True (Reticulocytes are precursors of RBC.) |
| The buffy coat in centrifuged blood contains RBC and platelets. T/F | False (The buffy coat contains leukocytes and platelets.) |
| The RBC count in both men and women is between 5.1 and 5.8 million per microliter of blood. T/F | False (Women have a slightly lower RBC count than men.) |
| Vitamin D is essential for the synthesis of RBC. T/F | False (B-complex vitamins are essential for the production of RBC.) |
| When oxygen is bound to hemoglobin it becomes oxyhemoglobin. T/F | True |
| One of the regulatory functions of blood is to maintain normal temperatures in body tissues. T/F | True |
| The most abundant component of plasma is protein. T/F | False (The most abundant component of plasma is water.) |
| Formed elements of blood include erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets. T/F | True |
| Hemoglobin is the protein that makes red blood cells red. T/F | True |
| Blood cell formation is referred to as hemostasis. T/F | False (Blood cell formation is referred to as hemopoiesis (or hematopoiesis).) |
| Dissolved proteins are an important part of blood clotting. T/F | True |
| Blood is NOT important in the regulation of the body's pH. T/F | False (Plasma proteins and bicarbonate ions are very important in maintaining pH.) |
| The percentage of blood volume occupied by erythrocytes is called the ________. | hematocrit |
| Albumin serves an immune system function T/F | False (It has a significant role in regulating plasma osmotic pressure. It also acts as a carrier protein and a blood buffer. Albumin is not an immunological protein.) |
| One molecule of hemoglobin can bind a maximum of _____ oxygen molecules. | 4 |
| Erythropoiesis is best defined as: | red blood cell production |
| Erythropoietin is made primarily by the: | kidneys |
| Aging red blood cells are fragmented and trapped in the: | spleen |
| A patient who lacks intrinsic factor would likely develop: | pernicious anemia |
| The migration of white blood cells out of the capillary blood vessels is called: | diapedesis |
| The B cell is a lymphocyte T/F | True |
| Overproduction of white blood cells is called: | leukocytosis |
| Platelets are derived from: | megakaryocytes. |
| The extrinsic pathway of blood clotting is triggered by tissue factor. T/F | true |
| A free-floating blood clot is called a thrombus. T/F | False Embolus |
| Blood type is determined by: | glycoproteins present on the surface of erythrocytes. |
| Hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN) can develop when an Rh+ woman is pregnant with an Rh- baby. T/F | False Hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN) can develop when an Rh- mother carries an Rh+ fetus. HDN is unlikely to develop in an Rh- female's first pregnancy with an Rh+ baby. However, HDN can develop in a subsequent pregnancy with an Rh+ baby. |
| Fetal hemoglobin has a higher affinity for oxygen than does adult hemoglobin. T/F | True |
Created by:
hkrawietz