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Adrenergic recept's
Receptors of the adrenergic system
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Where is the alpha-1A receptor found? | prostate, blood vessels, heart, lung, cortex, hippocampus |
| Where is the alpha-1B receptor found? | Blood, vessels, kidney, spleen, lung cortex, brainstem |
| Where is the alpha-1C receptor found? | Prostate, platelet, aorta, coronary artery, cortex, hippocampus |
| What are the dominant effects of alpha1A stimulation? | contractions of the VSMCs, cardiac growth, vasoconstriction of the large resistant arterioles in skeletal muscles |
| What are the dominant effects of alpha1B stimulation? | Promotes cardiac growth |
| What is the most abundant of the alpha1 receptors in the heart? What is the most abundant beta receptor in the heart? | alpha1B; beta1 |
| What is the dominant effect of alpha1D stimulation? | Predominant receptor causing vasoconstriction in aorta and coronary artery |
| List the adrenergic receptors | alpha1 [A,B,D], alpha2 [A,B,C], and beta[1,2,3] |
| Where are alpha2A receptors found? | platelets, SNS neurons, autonomic ganglia, CNS brainstem, spinal cord |
| Where are alpha2B receptors found? | Liver, kidney, blood vessles, platelets, pancreas |
| Where are alpha2C receptors found? | Basal ganglia, cortex, cerebellum, hippocampus |
| How do alpha1 receptors function (signaling)? | Use Gq protein--> INCREASE levels of plc, pla2, Ca++, Na+/K+, and MAPK signaling |
| How do alpha2 receptors function (signaling)? | Use Gi-->INHIBITION of AC, decrease cAMP, decrease PKA; in a sense, they do the opposite of Beta receptors |
| How do beta adrenergic receptors function (signaling)? | ACtivate Gs protein-->activate AC, cAMP, PKA; activate Ca++ channels In a sense, they do the OPPOSITE of ALPHA2 receptors |
| What is the predominant effect of alpha2A receptor stimulation? | inhibits receptor on sympathetic nerve endings, vasoconstriction in skeletal muscle |
| What is the predominant effect of alpha2B receptor stimulation? | Predominant subtype 2 postsynaptic receptor mediating vasoconstriction |
| What is the predominant effect of alpha2C receptor stimulation? | predominant receptor mediating DA neurotransmission; inhibits hormones release from adrenal medulla (REMEMBER: it's only found in brain!) |
| Where are beta 1 receptors found? | Heart, kidney, adiptocytes, seletal muscle, cortex, brainstem, spinal cord |
| Where are beta2 receptors found? | heart, lung, blood vessels, bronchial and GI smooth muscle, cortex, hippocampus |
| Where are beta3 receptors found? | adipose tissue, GI tract, heart |
| What are the dominant effects of the beta1 receptor? | predominant receptor in heart producing positive inotropic and chronotropic effects |
| What are the dominant effects of the beta2 receptor? | predominant receptor in smooth muscle relaxation, skeletal muscle hypertrophy |
| What are the dominant effects of beta3 activation? | predominant receptor producing metabolic effects |
| What is the most common type of receptor found in the heart? | B1 > B2 (3:1 ratio) |
| What are effects of B1 activation in the heart? | tachycardia, MORE contractility, conducting velocity, and idioventricular rate |
| What receptors are responsible for arteriole constriction (typically?) | alpha1 and alpha2 (except for cerebral arterioles, which just have alpha1) |
| What receptors are responsible for arteriole dilation (typically)? | beta2 (and beta1 in renal) |
| What receptors are responsible for the constriction of systemic veins? Dilation?? | alpha1, beta2 |
| What structures receive sympathetic innervation in the eye? What receptors does it have? What are the effects? | Radial muscle, iris [alpha1-->contraction]; ciliary muscle [beta2-->relaxation for far vision] |
| Describe the sympathetic innervation (receptors) in the kidney and the effect of stimulating it | activation of the beta1 receptor causes renin release |
| What receptors are present in the utureus? How do they differ in pregant vs. non-pregnant women? | beta2 (in pregnant and non pregnant, cause relaxation); alpha1 in pregnant women causes constriction |
| Insulin secretion is inhibited by what adrenergic receptor? | alpha2-->hyperglycemia |
| How can the activation of beta2 lead to tremors? | Promotes shift of K+ from extracellular space into cells (especially muscles)-->may cause tremor via hyperkalemia |
Created by:
karkis77
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