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Antiviral Chemo
Fundamentals II
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Amantidine | used for Influenza A & B, prophylaxis, blocks viral replication at uncoating & inhibits M2 proton channel in the viral envelope, oral administration (rapid absorption), excreted in urine, can cross BBB & release dopamine, has atropine-like effects |
| Rimantidine | used for Influenza A & B, prophylaxis, blocks viral replication at uncoating & inhibits M2 proton channel in the viral envelope, oral administration (rapid absorption), extensively metabolized, does not cross BBB, atropine-like effects |
| Oseltamivir (oral) | Influenza A & B, neuraminidase inhibitor, ethyl ester prodrug well absorbed in GI tract, 80% availability after de-esterification, side effects include nausea, vomiting, headaches, is the drug of choice for bird flu |
| Zanamivir (nasal) | Influenza A & B, neuraminidase inhibitor, <20% is absorbed systemically & 90% of absorbed material is excreted unchanged in urine, can cause bronchospasms in pts w/asthma |
| Acyclovir/Valacyclovir | acts as a nucleoside analogue, used for HSV, keratitis, ecephalitis, varicella zoster, mucocutaneous infections in immunocompromised pts, side effects include encephalopathy, lethargy, confusion, tremor, coma, some nephrotoxicity |
| Ganciclovir | CMV retinitis, low oral bioavailability (used for maintenance), common adverse side effect is bone marrow suppression & CNS effects in 5-15% of pts, w/anti-cytomegalovirusantibody is used to treat pneumonia |
| Foscarnet | inhibits DNA polymerase & reverse transcriptase by interacting w/the pyrophosphate binding site, side effects include renal function, ganciclovir alternative |
| Cidofovir | alternative for CMV retinitis, considered nucleoside analogue b/c mimics deoxycytidine monophosphate, can be used against HSV, nephrotoxicity is major side effect, IV administration |
| Ribavirin (Virazole) | used against Influenza A & B + respiratory syncytial virus, multiple actions and so few drugs are resistant, can cause upper airway irritation & hemolytic anemia |
| Fomivirsen | CMV retinitis, anti-sense mRNA for a protein necessary for viral replication, IV administration |
| Interferon | glycoproteins, administered subcutaneously or intramuscularly, used for chonic hep B & C, side effects include neutropenia and flu-like symptoms, used for hairy cell leukemia, Kaposi's sarcoma, & genital warts, herpes zoster, herpes keratoconjuctivits |
Created by:
ppatel122
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