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Anthro. Ch. 1
Haradon
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the definition of anthropology? | anthro=man & ology=study of; Study of human cultural and biological variation and evolution |
| 1. cultural (subfields of anthro) | study of human lives |
| 2. archaeology (subfields of anthro) | behaviors of past societies |
| 3. linguistic (subfields of anthro) | study of language |
| 4.physical/biological (subfields of anthro) | humans as biological organisms in an evolutionary framework |
| 1. Paleoanthropology (subfields of bio. anthro.) | study of human evolution |
| 2. Osteology (subfields of bio. anthro.) | study of skeletons |
| 3. Paleopathology (subfields of bio. anthro.) | study of disease in ancient populations |
| 4. Forensic Anthro. (subfields of bio. anthro.) | identification of human remains like how an individual died |
| 5. Human Biology (subfields of bio. anthro.) | variation, adaptation, and genetics |
| 6. Primatology (subfields of bio. anthro.) | study of non-human primates (anatomy, genetics, behavior, ecology) |
| (Scientific Method) 1st Step | Observation: noticing something |
| (Scientific Method) 2nd Step | Hypothesis: a proposed explanation like this happened because of this |
| (Scientific Method) 3rd Step | Prediction: it caused that to happen because |
| (Scientific Method) 4th Step | Test Hypothesis & Prediction: this is where the data collection happens |
| (Scientific Method) 5th Step | Evaluate Hypothesis: see if it is a theory |
| scientific meaning of the world “theory”? | theory has to be testable, replicable & falsifiable |
| popular meaning of the world “theory”? | just a belief or faith |
| Why is it critical that scientific theories and hypotheses be testable, replicable, and falsifiable? | figure out an answer |
| Ancient Greeks | First written descriptions of natural world (plants & animals) & man. Believed that living forms were unchangeable over time & each had its own purpose. Aristotle arranged forms of lives in a hierarchical ladder “Great Chain of Being” (Scala Naturae) |
| Middle Ages | the “fixity of species” and hierarchal structure was enforced but there wasn’t much scientific progress because free will was limited |
| Renaissance | Explorations and discoveries throughout the world was happening including the New World. Scientific study of human anatomy was happening, da Vinci dissecting humans. Modern approach to science- the scientific method |
| Enlightenment. | natural theology was proposed in that studying nature would lead you to the mind of God. People believed that what God Created would never become extinct but they were wrong |
| What is the Scala Naturae? | a hierarchical ladder or the “Great Chain of Being” where the elements were on the bottom and the humans at the top Know the scientific contributions of the “Important People” presented in the lecture slides. |
| John Ray | Found a way to classify plants and animals by their ability to reproduce with whom (“species”) |
| Carolos Linnaeus | Developed a system (systema naturae) so that there could be a common language for plants/animals. |
| James Ussher | the first to propose an age for Earth (4000 yrs.) through the biblical family tree |
| George Cuvier | believed in catastrophism where earth is affected by sudden events |
| James Hutton | believed in uniformitarianism and implied that the earth had to be older than previously proposed |
| Charles Lyell | published a detailed book about uniformitarianism (“principles of geology”) and explicitly proposed a long history of the earth |
| Jean-Baptiste de Lamark | first to present a view of evolution and believed that characteristics during a lifetime could be passed on to offspring |
| Thomas Malthus | he influenced Darwin and also wrote “an essay on the principle of population” which argued against population growth due to lack of resources & competition |
| Charles Darwin | doubted the fixity of species and proposed the theory of natural selection |
| What is the definition of taxonomy? | Taxonomy is the science of classifying and naming plants/animals |
| Catastrophism? | the idea that earth is affected by sudden events like an earthquake for no apparent reason and this is what causes formations on earth |
| Uniformitarianism? | land forms are forms through a process that takes time and does not just happen suddenly |
| Lamarck’s idea of evolution? Why was it wrong? | Giraffe example. If it were true just by trying to attain something like a 6 pack our offspring will inherit it but this is not true. |
| Describe the theory of natural selection. | all organisms have descended with modification from common ancestors. The main agent of modification is dependent on the individual |
| What are (any) three people, thoughts, or experiences that led to Darwin’s formation of the theory? | Lyell, Malthus, and Wallace. His voyage to the Galapagos and the difference of finches |
| What were Darwin’s three main tenants of evolution in the Origin of Species? | Variation, Heritability, and Differential reproduction |
| Who was Alfred Russel Wallace and what was his contribution to evolutionary theory? | He came up with similar ideas as Darwin and sent his manuscript to Darwin |
| What is the definition of anthropology? | anthro=man & ology=study of; Study of human cultural and biological variation and evolution |
| 1. cultural (subfields of anthro) | study of human lives |
| 2. archaeology (subfields of anthro) | behaviors of past societies |
| 3. linguistic (subfields of anthro) | study of language |
| 4.physical/biological (subfields of anthro) | humans as biological organisms in an evolutionary framework |
| 1. Paleoanthropology (subfields of bio. anthro.) | study of human evolution |
| 2. Osteology (subfields of bio. anthro.) | study of skeletons |
| 3. Paleopathology (subfields of bio. anthro.) | study of disease in ancient populations |
| 4. Forensic Anthro. (subfields of bio. anthro.) | identification of human remains like how an individual died |
| 5. Human Biology (subfields of bio. anthro.) | variation, adaptation, and genetics |
| 6. Primatology (subfields of bio. anthro.) | study of non-human primates (anatomy, genetics, behavior, ecology) |
| (Scientific Method) 1st Step | Observation: noticing something |
| (Scientific Method) 2nd Step | Hypothesis: a proposed explanation like this happened because of this |
| (Scientific Method) 3rd Step | Prediction: it caused that to happen because |
| (Scientific Method) 4th Step | Test Hypothesis & Prediction: this is where the data collection happens |
| (Scientific Method) 5th Step | Evaluate Hypothesis: see if it is a theory |
| scientific meaning of the world “theory”? | theory has to be testable, replicable & falsifiable |
| popular meaning of the world “theory”? | just a belief or faith |
| Why is it critical that scientific theories and hypotheses be testable, replicable, and falsifiable? | figure out an answer |
| Ancient Greeks | First written descriptions of natural world (plants/animals) & man. Believed living forms were unchangeable over time & each had its own purpose. Aristotle arranged forms of lives in a hierarchical ladder “Great Chain of Being” (Scala Naturae) |
| Middle Ages | the “fixity of species” and hierarchal structure was enforced but there wasn’t much scientific progress because free will was limited |
| Renaissance | Explorations and discoveries throughout the world was happening including the New World. Scientific study of human anatomy was happening, da Vinci dissecting humans. Modern approach to science- the scientific method |
| Enlightenment. | natural theology was proposed in that studying nature would lead you to the mind of God. People believed that what God Created would never become extinct but they were wrong |
| What is the Scala Naturae? | a hierarchical ladder or the “Great Chain of Being” where the elements were on the bottom and the humans at the top Know the scientific contributions of the “Important People” presented in the lecture slides. |
| John Ray | Found a way to classify plants and animals by their ability to reproduce with whom (“species”) |
| Carolos Linnaeus | Developed a system (systema naturae) so that there could be a common language for plants/animals. |
| James Ussher | the first to propose an age for Earth (4000 yrs.) through the biblical family tree |
| George Cuvier | believed in catastrophism where earth is affected by sudden events |
| James Hutton | believed in uniformitarianism and implied that the earth had to be older than previously proposed |
| Charles Lyell | published a detailed book about uniformitarianism (“principles of geology”) and explicitly proposed a long history of the earth |
| Jean-Baptiste de Lamark | first to present a view of evolution and believed that characteristics during a lifetime could be passed on to offspring |
| Thomas Malthus | he influenced Darwin and also wrote “an essay on the principle of population” which argued against population growth due to lack of resources & competition |
| Charles Darwin | doubted the fixity of species and proposed the theory of natural selection |
| What is the definition of taxonomy? | Taxonomy is the science of classifying and naming plants/animals |
| Catastrophism? | the idea that earth is affected by sudden events like an earthquake for no apparent reason and this is what causes formations on earth |
| Uniformitarianism? | land forms are forms through a process that takes time and does not just happen suddenly |
| Lamarck’s idea of evolution? Why was it wrong? | Giraffe example. If it were true just by trying to attain something like a 6 pack our offspring will inherit it but this is not true. |
| Describe the theory of natural selection. | all organisms have descended with modification from common ancestors. The main agent of modification is dependent on the individual |
| What are (any) three people, thoughts, or experiences that led to Darwin’s formation of the theory? | Lyell, Malthus, and Wallace. His voyage to the Galapagos and the difference of finches |
| What were Darwin’s three main tenants of evolution in the Origin of Species? | Variation, Heritability, and Differential reproduction |
| Who was Alfred Russel Wallace and what was his contribution to evolutionary theory? | He came up with similar ideas as Darwin and sent his manuscript to Darwin |
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Mitchellelove
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