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Anatomy
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What attaches to Protubrances? | Muscles and Ligaments |
| What will you find running through grooves in bone? | Nerves and Arteries |
| What is the anatomical location of the nipples on a male? | Intercostal Space #4 |
| What two bones fuse to form the Sternal Angle? | Manubrium and Sternum |
| What is the anatomical location of the Sternal Angle? | It is 1-2 inches below the Sternal notch, marks the location where the 2nd rib connects with the sternum. |
| What forms the Apex of the Axilla? | Also known as the Cervico-axillary canal, is bound by the 1st rib, clavicle and superior edge of the scapula. |
| What forms the Base of the Axilla? | It is bound by the anterior and posterior fold, the thoracic wall and the medial aspect of the arm. (mainly made up of skin, fascia, and tissue) |
| What forms the Anterior Wall of the Axilla? | It is bound by the Pectoralis Major & Minor and the Pectoral and Clavopectoral Fascia. |
| What forms the Posterior Wall of the Axilla? | It is bound by the Scapula & Subscapularis on the anterior surface. Inferiorly it is bound by the Teres Major and Latissimus Dorsi. |
| What forms the Medial Wall of the Axilla? | It is bound by the Thoracic Wall and the overlaying Serratus Anterior muscles. |
| What forms the Lateral Wall of the Axilla? | It is bound by the Intertubercular Groove in the humerus. |
| How many parts is the Axillary Artery divided into? How many arteries branch off of each part? | Three parts. 1st part has 1 artery, 2nd part has 2 and third part has 3. |
| What artery branches off of the 1st part of the Axillary Artery? Which muscles does it supply? | The Superior Thoracic Artery. Supplies the pectoral muscles, Subclavius muscle, and the Superior Serratus Anterior muscle. |
| What arteries branch off of the 2nd part of the Axillary Artery? Which muscles do they supply? | 1)Thoraco-acromial Artery: 4 Parts a)Acromial: Acromion b)Deltoid: Deltoids and Pect.Major. c)Pectoral: Pect. Major/Minor d)Clavicular: Clavicle. 2)Lateral Thoracic: Pec. Major, Ser. Ant., Lateral aspect of breast. |
| What arteries branch off of the 3rd part of the Axillary Artery? Which muscles do they supply? | 1)Subscapular: Supplies Circumflex arteries. 2)Posterior Circumflex Humeral: Supplies Shoulder. 3)Anterior Circumflex Humeral: Supplies Gleno-humeral joint and Triceps, Teres Major/ Minor, Deltoid. |
| Name the two arteries that branch off of the Subscapular branch of Axillary Artery. What muscles do they supply? | 1)Circumflex Scapular: Supplies muscles along the Dorsum of the Scapula. 2)Thoraco-Dorsal: Supplies the Latissimus Dorsi. |
| What is the location of the 1st part of the Axillary Artery? | It is located between the 1st rib to the medial border of the Pectoralis Minor. |
| What is the location of the 2nd part of the Axillary Artery? | It is located between the Medial Border of the Pectoralis Minor to the Lateral Border of the Pectoralis Minor. |
| What is the location of the 3rd part of the Axillary Artery? | It is located between the Lateral border of the Pectoralis Minor to the inferior border of the Teres Major. |
| What are the three ways you can injur a nerve and what is the recovery like? | 1)Crushed-(compressed) Good Recovery 2)Lacerated-more likely if superficial, ok recovery. 3)Avulsed-(stretched) least recovery |
| What is Erb's Palsy? | AKA waiters tip(wrist flexed backward). Caused by an Avulsion to the superior Plexus (C5,C6). Caused by Motorcycle accident or falling off a horse where overstretching of the neck occurs. |
| What is Klumpke's? | AKA Claw hand. It is an Avulsion injury to the lower trunk. Caused by excessive stretching of the upper limb. |
| What is Winged Scapula? | The scapula wings outward. It is an injury to the Long Thoracic Nerve. Caused by carying a heavy backpack on one side. |
| What is the External Occipital Protuberance? | It's a bony protuberance found above the foramen magnum. |
| What is the Superior Nuchal Line? | It is a line found above the foramen magnum that extends laterally where the Trapezius muscle inserts. |
| What is the Mastoid Process? | It is a large protuberance found on the lateral sides of the Skull, it is connected to the Temporal bones. |
| How many Cervical Vertabrae are there? | There are 7 Cervical Vertabrae. |
| How many Thoracic Vertabrae are there? | There are 12 Thoracic Vertabrae. |
| How many Lumbar Vertabrae are there? | There are 5 Lumbar Vertabrae. |
| How many bones fuse to form the Sacrum? | The Sacrum is formed by the fusion of 5 bones. |
| How many bones fuse to form the Coccyx? | The Coccyx is formed by the fusion of 4 bones. |
| What is the Vertebra Prominens? | Cervical 7 vertabrae, named for its long spinous process, which is not Bifid. |
| What is the anatomical position of the Inferior Angle of the Scapula? | It is located superior to the 8th rib. Even with the 7th rib. |
| What is the anatomical position of the Iliac Crest? | It is located on the superior edge of the hip bone, equivalent to the level of the L4 vertabrae. This is also the location of the belly button. |
| What are the Venus Dimples and what is their anatomical location? | They are symmetrical to the location where the sacrum attaches to the Iliac Crest. (PSIS) Also where you find S2. |
| What is the Median Furrow? | Midline longitudinal depression in the surface of the back, begins in the cervical region and goes to the gluteal cleft. |
| What is the Ligamentum Nuchae? | It is a fibrous membrane extending from the Occipital Protuberance and Median Nuchal Line to the spinous process of C7. |
| What is the purpose of a ligament? | It attaches bone to bone. |
| What is the purpose of tendons? | They attach muscle to bone. |
| What is the Supraspinous Ligament? | It is a strong fibrous cord which connects the apices of the spinous process from C7-Sacrum. Resists excessive flexion. |
| Trapezius (O,I,A,N) | O:Nuchal Ligament, Spinous process of C7-T12, Superior Nuchal Line, Exterior Occipital Protuberance. I: Clavicle, Acromion, Spine of Scapula A: Elevates, Depresses & retracts Scapula N: Accessory N. (CNXI) |
| Latissimus Dorsi (O,I,A,N) | O: Spinous Process of Inferior 6 Thoracic Vertabrae, Iliac Crest, ribs 4-6 I: Intertubecular Groove A: adduction & Medial rotation of the arm. N: Thoracodorsal N. |
| Levator Scapulae (O,I,A,N) | O: transverse process C1-C4 I: Superior angle of scapula A: Elevates Scapula N: Dorsal Scapular N. |
| Rhomboid Major (O,I,A,N) | O: Spinous process of T2-T5 I: Medial Border of Scapula A: Retracts Scapula N: Dorsal Scapular N. |
| Rhomboid Minor (O,I,A,N) | O: Spinous Process of C7-T1 I: Medial border of Scapula A: Retracts Scapula N: Dorsal Scapular N. |
| What is the Triangle of Auscultation? | Triangle formed by the Latissimus Dorsi, Trapezius and Medial border of the Scapula. This is the location where it is easiest to auscultate the lungs. |
| What muscle does the dorsal Scapular Nerve Supply? | The Rhomboid Major/Minor and the Levator Scapulae. |
| What muscle does the CNXI supply? | The Trapezius muscle. |
| Serratus Anterior (O,I,A,N) | O: 1st-8th rib I: Medial border of Scapula A: Protracts and medially rotates the Scapula N: Long Thoracic N. |
| Pectoralis Major (O,I,A,N) | O: Clavicle and Sternum I: Intertubecular Groove of Humerus A: Adducts and Internally rotates the Humerus N: Medial & Lateral Pectoral N. |
| Pectoralis Minor (O,I,A,N) | O: Ribs 3-5 I: Coracoid Process of the Scapula A: Stabilizes the Scapula N: Medial Pectoral N. |
| Deltoid (O,I,A,N) | O: Lateral 1/3 of Clavicle, Acromion and Spine of Scapula. I: Deltoid Tuberosity A: (Ant)Flexes and Internally rotates Humerus (Mid)Abducts Humerus (Post)Extends and Externally rotates Humerus N: Axillary N. |
| What are the Borders of the Triangle of Auscultation? Clinical Significance? | Latissimus Dorsi, Trapezius, Medial Spine of Scapula. Used to hear Lungs, since this area has very little muscle, tissue or fascia. |
| What are the Boundaries of the Triangular Space? What Vessel Passes through it? | Teres Major, Teres Minor, Long head of Triceps. Scapular Circumfelx Artery passes through it. |
| What are the boundaries of the Quadrangular Space? What 2 structures pass through it? | Subscapularis, Teres Major/Minor, Long head Triceps, Surgical neck of humerus. Axillary N & Posterior Circumflex Humeral A. |
| What is the clinical significance of the Quadrangular space in regards to a broken Humerus? | Fractures of the humerus, posterior dislocation of the shoulder. |
| Teres Major (O,I,A,N) | O: Posterior Surface of Inferior angle of Scapula I: Intertubercular Surface of Humerus A: Adducts and Medially rotates the arm N: Lower Scapular N. |
| Teres Minor (O,I,A,N) | O: Middle part of the lateral border of the scapula I: Inferior facet of the greater Tubercle A: Laterally rotates the arm N: Axillary N. |
| How do you test the Deltoid? | The arm is abducted against resistance starting at 15 degrees. |
| What are the muscles that make up the Rotator Cuff? | Infraspinatus, Supraspinatus, Teres Minor, and Subscapularis. |
| On which side does the Rotator Cuff provide the least amount of support? | Anteriorly and Inferiorly. |
| Infraspinatus (O,I,A,N) | O: Infraspinous Fossa of the Scapula I: Middle Facet of greater tubercle A: Strongest Lateral rotator of the arm N: Suprascapular N. |
| Supraspinatus (O,I,A,N) | O: Supraspinous Fossa of scapula I: Superior facet of the greater tubercle A: Assists deltoid in Abduction of arm N: Suprascapular N. |
| Subscapularis (O,I,A,N) | O: Subscapular Fossa I: Lesser tubercle of the Humerus A: Medially rotates arm N: Upper/Lower Subscapular N. |
| Biceps Brachii (O,I,A,N) | O: (SH)Coracoid Process, (LH)Supraglenoid Tubercle I: Radial Tuberosity A: Supination, Flexion of forearm N: Musculocutaneous N. |
| Brachialis (O,I,A,N) | O: Distal half of anterior surface of humerus I: Coronoid process & Ulnar tuberosity A: Flexes forearm (primarily) N: Musculocutaneous N. |
| Coracobrachialis (O,I,A,N) | O: Coracoid Process I: Middle third of medial surface of humerus A: Flexes and adducts arm N: Musculocutaneous N. |
| Anconeus (O,I,A,N) | O: Lateral epicondyle of humerus I: Lateral side of Olecranon, Superior part of posterior surface of Ulna A: Extends forearm, Stabilizes elbow joint N: Radial N. |
| Triceps Brachii (O,I,A,N) | O: (LH)Infraglenoid tubercle, (M-LH)Posterior surface of humerus I: Proximal end of Olecranon of Ulna A: Chief extensor, resists dislocation of humerus during adduction N: Radial N. |
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vnatividad
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