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Intro Parasite Test
Parasite test
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the 3 types of Helminths? | -Nematodes -Tapeworms -Flukes |
| What are the 3 major classes of endoparasites? | -Helminths -Arthropods -Protozoa |
| What is the medical name of the canine roundworm? | Toxocara canis |
| Where do roundworms live? | Small intestine |
| What is the average length of a roundworm? | 7 inches |
| What are the 4 methods of transmission in the toxocara canis? | -Direct -Transplacental -Transmammary -Predation of host |
| How long can the eggs of toxocara canis live in the soil? | several years |
| True or false. Fresh feces are not infected with toxocara canis. | True |
| True or false. Roundworms travel via the portal bloodstream until they end up in the lungs. | True |
| What is the average span of a lifecycle in the toxocara canis? | 4-5 weeks |
| What are the 3 descriptions of a roundworm ova? | -Rounded egg -Thick outer membrane -Dark center |
| Define distension. | Extreme bloat of the abdomen. |
| What type of larval migrans can toxocara cause? | -visceral -ocular -neural |
| What is the medical name of the hookworm? | Ancylostoma caninum |
| Ancylostoma caninum is found in what percentage of dogs? | 20% |
| What are the 4 methods of transmission in the Ancylostoma caninum? | -Direct -Transplacental -Transmammary -Skin penetration |
| About how long does it take for the Ancylostoma caninum to grow and mature after digestion? | 18-21 days |
| Female ancylostoma caninums can lay up to how many eggs per day? | 30,000 |
| What are the 3 stages of endoparasites? | -Egg/ova -Hatchling -Larvae |
| What stage in the endoparasite is considered to be the infective stage? | L3 or Larvae |
| What type of migration is involved with the ancylostoma caninum? | Tracheal migration |
| What are the 3 descriptors of the ancylostoma caninum ova? | -Thin outer membrane -Visible cytoplasm -Oval in shape |
| Describe franc blood. | Blood the same color as it appears in the body. |
| Describe tarry stool. | Dark blood found within the stool that has been digested. |
| Infective ancylostoma caninum larvae can penetrate the skin causing what type of migran? | Cutaneous larval migran |
| What is the medical name of the whipworm? | Trichuris vulpis |
| How long is the prepatent period of the trichuris vulpis? | 70-190 days |
| What side of the body is the jejunum located? | Left |
| When a dog is seen "flank suckling" due to trichuris vulpis, what side of the body might you see them constantly biting at? | Left |
| True or false. Flank suckling is a unique chacteristic of the trichuris vulpis. | True |
| Trichuris vulpis eggs can live in the soil for up to how many years? | 5 years |
| Which parasite has double operculated eggs and is shaped similar to Stewie Griffin's head? | Trichuris vulpis |
| What is the medical name of an adult heartworm? | Dirofilaria immitis |
| What is the vector of the Dirofilaria immitis? | Mosquito |
| True or false. Heartworms are common in dogs, cats, ferrets, and some humans. | True |
| Name the non-pathogenic pseudoheartworm. | Dipetalonema reconditum |
| What are the 3 main physical differences between the dipetalonema reconditum and the dirofilaria immitis? | Tail, head, and type of movement |
| Describe the tail, head and movement of the dipetalonema reconditum. | Tail: Hooked-- Head: Blunt--Movement: Forward |
| Describe the tail, head and movement of the dirofilaria immitis. | Tail: Straight-- Head: Tappered-- Movement: Side to side (Undulating) |
| Which side of the heart do heartworms usually live? | Right (Atrium and Ventricle) |
| How long is the prepatent period of the dirofilaria immitis? | 6 months |
| When performing a SNAP test what is the ratio of blood to solution? | 3gtt:4gtt |
| What is detected in a positive SNAP test? | Adult female hormone |
| How many classes are there involved with heartworm disease? | 4 |
| What is another name for class 4 of heartworm disease? | Caval Syndrome |
| What is the medical name of the tapeworm species that does NOT require the flea as an immediate host? | Taenia |
| What is the medical name of the flea tapeworm? | Dipylidium caninum |
| What must an animal ingest to become infected with dipylidium caninum? | The flea |
| What term describes the asexual process of forming segments? | Strobilation |
| What is the intermediate host of the fluke? | Snail |
| True or false. Taenia have larger proglottids than the dipylidium caninum. | True |
| True or false. Taenia are acquired by eating cysticerci in rabbits. | True |
| Name the lizard poisoning fluke of the cat. | Platynosomum fastosum |
| Name the salmon poisoning fluke of the dog. | Nanopyetus salmincola |
| Name the intestinal fluke of both dogs and cats. | Alaria |
| Name the common liver fluke. | Fasciola hepatica |
| True or false. Flukes are nematodes. | False. (Tremetodes) |
| What is another name for a condtion the salmon poisoning fluke causes? | Elokomin fluke fever |
| What type of fluke is found most in the Pacific Northwest and causes hemorrhagic enteritis? | Nanopyetus salmincola |
| What type of fluke is found primarily throughout the northern U.S and is mostly non-pathogenic? | Alaria |
| What type of fluke requires an aquatic snail as an intermediate host and feeds on tissue for 5-6 weeks before migrating to the bile duct? | Fasciola hepatica |
| How many eggs must be produced per day/per fluke in order to be a mild infection? | 25,000 per day/per fluke |
| A single animal can deposit about how many fluke eggs in a pasture in 24 hours? | 500,000 |
| True or false. All coccidians are protozoas. | True |
| True or false. All protozoa are coccidians. | False |
| Coccidians and protozoas typically live in what part of the body? | Small intestine |
| Name 4 types of Protozoa. | -Isospara -Toxoplasm gondii -Cryptosporidium -Sarcocystis |
| What is the least common type of protozoa? | Sarcocystis |
| Coccidians form what instead of laying eggs? | Oocysts |
| Name the condition caused by coccidians in young animals. | Coccidiosis |
| What is the most clinical sign of coccidians and what might it lead to? | Diarrhea; Death |
| True or false. The tapeworm is a type of cestode. | True |
| What type of parasite has the definitive host from the feline family and is considered extremely zoonotic? | Toxoplasma |
| What type of parasite can cross the placental barrier in humans and possibly cause spontaneous abortions? | Toxoplasma |
| What are the 3 stages of coccidians? | -Sporozoite -Tachyzoite -Bradyzoite |
| What is also known as "The Super Egg" and can remain dormant in the environment for some time until ingested by a host. | Sporozoite |
| What is another name for a tachyzoite? | Fast dividers |
| What is another name for a bradyzoite? | Slow dividers |
| True or false. Bradyzoites are often found in host they wouldn't normally inhabit. | True |
| Anaplasma is what type of parasite? | Blood parasite |
| Name the flagellated protozoan that is transmitted by drinking stagnant water or eating unwashed produce. | Giardia |
| Giardia occurs as ______________________ in fecal floatations. | Trophozoites |
| Symbiosis | Living together |
| Predator/prey | short term; one is benefitted at the expense of the other |
| Phoresis | smaller member is carried by the larger |
| Mutualism | both benefit |
| Commensalism | One benefits, the other is neither harmed nor benefitted |
| Parasitism | Between two DIFFERENT species where one lives at the expense of the other |
| Pilot fish on a shark | Phoresis |
| Bee and flower | Mutualism |
| Anemone and clown fish | Commensalism |
| Fasciola hepatica | liver fluke |
| Trichodectes canis | biting louse |
| Linognathus setosus | sucking louse |
| Ctenocephalides felis | most common flea |
| Cuterebra | Bot fly larva |
| Dipylidium caninum | tapeworm |
| Felicola sustratus | biting louse in the feline |
| Sarcoptes scabiei | scabies; black mange |
| Demodex canis | demodectic mange; red mange |
| Otodectes cynotis | earmites |
| Cheyletiella | walking dandruff mite |
| Rhipicephalus sanguineus | Brown dog tick |
| Dermacentor variabilis | American dog tick |
| Amblyomma | americanum Lonestar tick |
| Notoedres | scabies in felines |
| Babesia | protozoa that infects the RBC |
| Ehrlichia | coccidia that infects the WBC |
| Infection | due to a parasite within the body |
| Infestation | due to a parasite outside of the body or within the environement |
| Ectoparasite | a parasite that lives outside of its host |
| Endoparasite | a parasite that lives inside of its host |
| Superparasitism | excessive parasitization of the same species |
| Multiple parasitism | multiple species of parasites infect the host |
| Parasitiasis | a parasite is present but the host is not showing any clinical signs |
| Parasitosis | a parasite is present and the host shows clinical signs |
| Erratic/Abberant parasite | when a parasite wanders from its usual site of infection to a location it doesnt normally live |
| Incidental parasite | when a parasite occurs in a host it doesnt normally live in |
| Facultative | free living; non parasitic in nature |
| Obligatory | can not live freely; must have a host |
| Periodic parasite | a parasite that does not have to live within a host; makes short frequents visits for food |
| Pseudoparasite | resembles a parasite but is not one |
| Stenoxenous | a parasite with a narrow host range |
| Euryxenous | a parasite with a broad host range |
| Definitive host | harbors the adult, sexual, or mature stages of a parasite |
| Intermediate host | harbors the larval, immature or asexual stages of a parasite |
| Microfilaria | heartworm larva |
| Direct | fecal/oral |
| Transport host | carrier |
| Migration | travel through the body |
| Prepatent period | infection to detection |
| Incubation period | from infection to development of symptons |
| Scolex | head of the tapeworm |
| Proglottid | each segment of a tapeworm |
| True or false. Male nametodes are generally larger than female nematodes. | False |
| True or false. Some Ancylostoma caninum will burrow back into the intestine and mature while others will take a tracheal migration. | True |
| True or false. Giardia trophozoites can be detected via direct smear only. | True |
| What transmission method is exclusive to hookworms? | Skin penetration |
| What condition is unique when discussing a dogs reaction to trichuris vulpis? | Flank suckling |
| The trichuris vulpis lives primarily in the _______________. | Jejunum |
| What is the only type of parasite discussed in class that can have an egg basket? | Dipylidium caninum |
| Hookworms are seen in over ___% of dogs. | 20% |
| What substance must be placed on a slide in combination with feces for a direct smear? | Saline |
| Name the substance that is used to mix feces for the floatation method? | Fecasol |
| What is the highest magnification you can use when viewing a direct smear? | 40x |
| True or false. The sucking louse has a smaller thorax when compared to that of a biting louse. | True |
| Insects make up ___% of all known species of animals of all kinds. | 70% |
| The flea can die if the temperature/time reach what? | 20 degrees for 48 hours -or- 120 degress for several days |
| Parasites may reproduces in what kind of ways? | Eggs, live young and dividing |
| What is the only parasite discussed in class that gives birth to live young? | Heartworm |
| Which is longer, the prepatent or the incubation period? | Incubation |
| What is the generic word for worm? | Helminth |
| Tapeworms are part of what family? | Cestodes |
| How many eggs per hour can a female flea lay? | 1 per hour |
| How many days does it take for hookworms to mature after ingestion? | 18-21 days |
| What is the prepatent period of whipworms? | 70-190 days |
| True or false. Male nametodes are generally larger than female nematodes. | False |
| True or false. Some Ancylostoma caninum will burrow back into the intestine and mature while others will take a tracheal migration. | True |
| True or false. Giardia trophozoites can be detected via direct smear only. | True |
| What transmission method is exclusive to hookworms? | Skin penetration |
| What condition is unique when discussing a dogs reaction to trichuris vulpis? | Flank suckling |
| The trichuris vulpis lives primarily in the _______________. | Jejunum |
| What is the only type of parasite discussed in class that can have an egg basket? | Dipylidium caninum |
| Hookworms are seen in over ___% of dogs. | 20% |
| What substance must be placed on a slide in combination with feces for a direct smear? | Saline |
| Name the substance that is used to mix feces for the floatation method? | Fecasol |
| What is the highest magnification you can use when viewing a direct smear? | 40x |
| True or false. The sucking louse has a smaller thorax when compared to that of a biting louse. | True |
| Insects make up ___% of all known species of animals of all kinds. | 70% |
| The flea can die if the temperature/time reach what? | 20 degrees for 48 hours -or- 120 degress for several days |
| Parasites may reproduces in what kind of ways? | Eggs, live young and dividing |
| What is the only parasite discussed in class that gives birth to live young? | Heartworm |
| Which is longer, the prepatent or the incubation period? | Incubation |
| What is the generic word for worm? | Helminth |
| Tapeworms are part of what family? | Cestodes |
| How many eggs per hour can a female flea lay? | 1 per hour |
| How many days does it take for hookworms to mature after ingestion? | 18-21 days |
| What is the prepatent period of whipworms? | 70-190 days |
| What is the vector of the heartworm? | mosquito |
| How would one contract giardia? | Eating unwashed produce or drinking stagnant water. |
| What is the asexual process of producing tapeworm segments? | Strobilation |
| Which lifecycle aids in the diagnosis of a specific parasite? | Diagnostic stage |
| Giardia is what type of parasite? | Protozoa |
Created by:
fadedfaithless
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