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Chapter 1 Sociology
Glencoe Sociology & You
Question | Answer |
---|---|
conventional (social) wisdom | Common beliefs or ideas that most people hold true. |
social structure | the patterned interaction of people in social relationships |
sociological imagination | the ability to see the relationship between events in personal life and events in society |
sociological perspective | looks at groups, not the individual |
sociology | the scientific study of social structure. |
Bourgeoisie | class owning the means for producing wealth |
capitalism | one who owns the means for producing wealth |
class conflict | the ongoing struggle between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat |
mechanical solidarity | social dependency based on a broad consensus of values & beliefs, enforced conformity, and dependence on tradition and family |
organic solidarity | social interdependency based on a high degree of specialization |
positivism | the belief that knowledge should be derived from scientific observation |
proletariat | the working class |
social darwinism | the theory that societies evolve naturally into the fittest form |
social dynamics | the study of social change |
social statistics | the study of social stability and order |
verstehen | understanding social behavior by putting yourself in the place of others |
anthropology | study of cultures, closest to sociology |
Auguste Comte | French, father of sociology, positivism. distinguished between social statistics & social dynamic. |
Harriet Martineau | English, feminist, writer. Translated Comte's book. |
Herbert Spencer | English, Social Darwinism |
Karl Marx | German, only 2 social classes |
Emile Durkheim | French, first to use statistical methods & teach a university sociology course. |
Max Weber | German, model of bureaucracy. |
Jane Addams | American, social reformer |
Web Dubois | American, questioned race |