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Study Review
Question | Answer |
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The Scientific Revolution | an era associated primarily with the 16th and 17th centuries during which new ideas and knowledge in physics, astronomy, biology, medicine and chemistry transformed medieval and ancient views of nature and laid the foundations for modern science. |
Nicolas Copernicus | Polish astronomer who produced a workable model of the solar system with the sun in the center |
William Harvey | English physician and scientist who described the circulation of the blood |
Galileo | An American space probe to Jupiter launched in 1989 |
Johannes Kepler | German astronomer who first stated laws of planetary motion |
Sir Francis Bacon | English statesman and philosopher |
Rene Descartes | French philosopher and mathematician |
Sir Isaac Newton | English mathematician and physicist |
The Age of Enlightenment | was an elite cultural movement of intellectuals in 18th century Europe, that sought to mobilize the power of reason in order to reform society and advance knowledge. |
John Locke | English empiricist philosopher who believed that all knowledge is derived from sensory experience |
Thomas Hobbes | English materialist and political philosopher who advocated absolute sovereignty as the only kind of government that could resolve problems caused by the selfishness of human beings |
philopsophes | were the intellectuals of the 18th century Enlightenment. |
progress | Forward or onward movement toward a destination |
deism | Belief in the existence of a supreme being |
tolerance | The ability or willingness to tolerate something |
Jean Jacques Rousseau | French philosopher and writer born in Switzerland |
Mary Wollstonecraft | English writer and early feminist who denied male supremacy and advocated equal education for women |
The Vindication of the Rights of Woman | written by the 18th-century British feminist Mary Wollstonecraft, is one of the earliest works of feminist philosophy. |
The Social Contract | a progressive work that helped inspire political reforms or revolutions in Europe, especially in France. |
The General Will | is a concept in political philosophy referring to the desire or interest of a people as a whole. |
Volitaire | The French writer and philosopher |
Montesquieu | French philosopher |
Briefly describe the Scientific Revolution and use two examples from our study | refers to the period roughly between 1500 and 1700 during which the foundations of modern science were laid down in Western Europe. The impact of the Scientific Revolution improved exploration and also led to rational thought in every area of society |
Immanuel Kant defines enlightenment as "man's release from his self-incurred tutelage." Explain what Kant meant by this | Enlightenment means independence and Tutelege means being dependent |