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Cianci-Mikula
Central and Eastern Europe
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What land failed to establish a viable centralized government? | Poland |
| King John III Sobieski, 1683 | he led a Polish army to rescue Vienna from a Turkish siege |
| Sejm, diet | a central legislative body, which included only nobles |
| Liberum Veto | a practice of the diet, in which the stuanch opposition of any single member, who might have been bribed by a foreign power, could require the body to disband, stumbling block for an effective government |
| Austrian Habsburg family | after 1648 the family retained the title of Holy Roman Emperor, but power depended on the cooperation he could elicit from the various political bodies in the empire |
| Habsburgs outside Holy Roman Empire | they began to consolidate their power and influence outside empire, which included the Crown of Saint Wenceslas and the Crown of Saint Stephen |
| Treaty of Rastatt,1714 | the Habsburgs further extended their domains, receiving the former Spanish Netherlands and Lombardy in northern Italy |
| Leopold I | resisted the advances of the Ottoman Empire into central Europe which included a siege of Vienna in 1683, and to thwart the agression of Louis XIV |
| Habsburg 1699 | Leopold extended his territorial holdings over much of the Balkan Peninsula and Western Romania |
| Joseph I continued Leopold's policies and Charles VI suceeded him, with a new problem | he had no male heir and the Habsburg domains didn't want a female heir, Charles didn't want the Austrian Habsburg to fall prey to surrounding powers like the Spanish one |
| Pragmatic Sanction | this provided for a single line of inheritance within the Habsburg dynasty through Charles VI's daughter Maria Theresa |
| December 1740 | after his death in October 1740, he left her with a weak army and in December Frederick II of Prussia invaded the Habsburg province of Silesia in Eastern Germany |
| Hohenzollern family | through inheritance the family had aquired the duchy of Cleves, and the counties of Mark, and Ravensburg in 1614, East Prussia in 1618, and Pomerania in 1648 |
| Frederick William, the Great Elector | he established himslef and his successors as the central uniting power by breaking the local noble estates, organizing a royal bureaucracy, and building a strong army |
| 1655-1660 | Sweden and Poland fought each other across the Great Elector's holdings, in 1655 the Brandenburg estates refused to grant him new taxes, so he collecte them militarily |
| the Junkers, or German noble landlords | in exchange for their obedience to the Hohenzollerns, they recieved the right to demand obedience from their serfs |
| Frederick I, Great Elector's son | in the War of the Spanish Succession, he put his army at the disposal of the Habsburg Holy Roman Emperor Leopold I, in exchange Frederick assumed the title of "King of Prussia", since the Hohenzollerns had to crown |
| Frederick William I, son of Frederick I | improved army from 39,000 in 1713 to over 80,000 in 1740, making it the third or fourth largest army in Europe, he built the army but only used it as a symbol of power |
| Frederick II, son of Frederick William I | after his father's death in 1740, he immediately upset Pragmatic Snaction by invading Silesia |
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Cianci
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