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OT PEDS II - A

Hand skills/ writing

Question	Answer
What is the order of writing skills?	Controlled scribble; discrete lines, dots, symbols; straight line or circular UCase letter; print Ucase letters/capitals; print Lcase letters, numbers; Cursive
What are the 7 motor prerequisites for in-hand manipulation?	1) ability to supinate in var degrees & w/stability; 2) wrist stability; 3)Grasp w/thumb opp, finger grip, not palm; 4) Isolated thumb & radial finger movement; 5) Control of transverse MC arch; 6) separate radial/ulnar sides; 7) dynamic fingertip forces
What is HAND ASSIST?	Moving objects between hands to reposition it within the hands, used to substitute palm to finger translation or rotation
Typical age for finger to palm translation	12-15 months
Typical age for palm to finger translation & simple rotation	2 to 2.5 years
What is the usually the 6th thing a child does when they pick up a writing utensil?	Cursive letters
At what age do children use a palmar supinate grasp?	1-1.5 years
At what age do children use a digital pronate grasp	2-3 years
At what age is finger to palm translation?	about 1 year
T/F: A 3 year old can use their fingers for movement	F: before age 4 children usually use their proximal joints and not their fingers for movement
What is a static quadrupod?	Hand moves as a unit with no isolated finger movement - typical of 3-4 yo
What are some general considerations for handwriting?	wirst extension; isolated finger movements; hand preference; eye preference; where do they start letters
what grade is appropriate to start cursive?	3rd grade
What is the sequence of teaching cursive writing?	imitating - copying - independent writing
What is "scoop and pile?"	a way to help teach kids to think about writing in cursive
Where is the most appropriate place to present something to a sitting student for fine motor work?	at the midline
WHen can a child ID an object with their hands?	2.5 years
When can a child ID unfamiliar objects?	5 years
when can a child adjust hand in preparation to hold a shape?	6 months
When does a child use their hands bilaterally for specific functions?	17-18 months
What are some good activities to practice tip & palmar prehension?	play doh, tearing newspaper, lacing, eye dropper
What might be true of a child who has cross dominant hand and eye?	they may struggle more with fine motor skills
What are 3 important pre handwriting skills	making a circle with thumb & index finger; isolating thumb; ability to supinate
What is a radical cross palmar grip?	thumb down, wrist pronated
What is a brush grasp?	holding end of writing tool in palm, fingers, thumb extended but not close to tip
What affects paper placement?	hand/eye dominance
Until what age is letter reversal not unusual and an occasional occurrence?	age 9
What is significant about "a stone"	it contains the most used letters
Does it make sense to learn letters in alphabetical order?	no - b/c "b" comes before "d" even though "d" is used more often
What kind of inputs are necessary for initiating and sustaining grasp?	tactile & proprioceptive inputs
What functioning is required to hold objects in hand without dropping them?	intact somatosensory functioning
how is tactile awareness tested/measured?	two-point discrimination
What are 6 signs of developmental readiness for writing?	1) in-hand manipulation; 2) visual motor skills; 3) visual perception; 4) Bilateral integration; 5) fine motor; 6) proximal stability;
What are important points stressed in Handwriting without Tears?	Position in space; Use wooden shapes; Teach letters developmentally, not in alphabet order; Chalkboard to sm. gray blocks to paper t; Teach like-formed letters together
What are the 8 keys skills taught in HWWT?	1) memory; 2) orientation; 3) placement; 4) size; 5) start at top (except d & e); 6) sequence; 7) Control; 8) spacing
F, E, D, P, B, R, N, M	What are the frog jump capitals?
H, K L, U, V, W, X, Y, Z	What are the starting corner capitals?
C, O, Q, G, S, A, I, T, J	What are the "center starters?"
What are the first 5 + 1 lower case letters taught in HWWT?	c, o, s, v, w + t
a, d, g	What is the second set of lower case letters taught in HWWT?
u, i, e, l, k, y, j	What is the 3rd set? (vowels)
p, r, n, m h, b	What are the "dive" 4th lower case set in HWWT? (dive down, swim up and over)
f, q, x, z	What are the last lower case letters taught in HWWT?
What are the 3 instructional stages of HWWT?	1) IMITATION: watch teacher & imitate; 2) COPYING: looks at model & copies; 3) INDEPENDENT WRITING: writes w/o demo or model

Created by: sherryama

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