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CIT226 Ch 7 Data St
CIT226 Chapter 7 - Config and Managing Data Storage
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| active partition | The partition from which a computer boots. |
| basic disk | Partitioned disk that can have up to four partitions and that uses logical drive designations. This type of disk is compatible with MS-DOS, Windows 3.x, Windows 95, Vista, Windows 7, Windows Server 2003, and Windows Server 2008. |
| boot partition | Holds the Windows Server 2008 \Windows folder containing the system files. |
| custom backup | Enables you to configure backups differently for each volume, using either a full backup or an incremental backup. |
| defragmenting | A software process that rearranges data to fill in the empty spaces that develop on disks and makes data easier to obtain. |
| Device Specific Module (DSM) | A software interface between the Multipath I/O capability in Windows Server 2008 and the hard disk hardware. |
| disk duplexing | A fault-tolerance method similar to disk mirroring in that it prevents data loss by duplicating data from a main disk to a backup disk; but disk duplexing places the backup disk on a different controller or adapter than is used by the main disk. |
| disk mirroring | A fault-tolerance method that prevents data loss by duplicating data from a main disk to a backup disk. Some operating systems also refer to this as disk shadowing. |
| dynamic disk | Disk that does not use traditional partitioning, which means that there is no restriction to the number of volumes that can be set up on one disk |
| extended partition | A partition that is created from unpartitioned free disk space and is linked to a primary partition in order to increase the available disk space. |
| fault tolerance | Techniques that employ hardware and software to provide assurance against equipment failures, computer service interruptions, and data loss. |
| Fibre Channel | A subnetwork technology used primarily for SANs that enables gigabit high-speed data transfers. See Storage Area Network (SAN). |
| formatting | A process that prepares a hard disk partition for a specific file system. |
| fragmented | Having files spread throughout a disk with empty pockets of space between files; a normal and gradual process in the functioning of an operating system, addressed by using a defragmentation utility. |
| full backup | A backup of an entire system, including all system files, programs, and data files. |
| Globally Unique Identifier (GUID) Partition Table or GPT | A method for partitioning disks that allows for theoretically unlimited partitions and use of larger disks. In Windows Server 2008, the maximum number of partitions on a GPT disk is 128, and the maximum partition size is up to 18 exabytes. |
| home directory or home folder | A server folder that is associated with a user’s account and that is a designated workspace for the user to store files. |
| incremental backup | Backs up only files that are new or that have been updated. |
| Internet Small Computer System Interface (iSCSI) | A high-speed technology used in SANs that employs TCP/IP communications and SCSI disk drives. See Storage Area Network (SAN). |
| logical unit number (LUN) | A number that identifies a physical SCSI drive or logical SCSI targets (which can be volumes, IP addresses, adapter ports, and other connections depending on the SAN technology). See Small Computer System Interface (SCSI). |
| Master Boot Record (MBR) | Data created in the first sector of a disk, containing startup information and information about disk partitions. |
| mirrored volume | Two dynamic disks that are set up for RAID level 1 so that data on one disk is stored on a redundant disk. |
| mounted drive | A physical disk, CD/DVD, removable drive, or other drive that appears as a folder and that is accessed through a path like any other folder. |
| Multipath I/O | A set of drivers in Windows Server 2008 that can be used with device and network architecture to set up multiple paths between a server and its disk storage to achieve fault tolerance. |
| partition table | Table containing information about each partition on a disk, such as the type of partition, size, and location. Also, the partition table provides information to the computer about how to access the disk. |
| partitioning | Blocking a group of tracks and sectors to be used by a particular file system, such as NTFS. |
| primary partition | Partition or portion of a hard disk that is bootable. |
| RAID (redundant array of inexpensive [or independent] disks) | A set of standards designed to extend the life of hard disk drives and to prevent data loss from a hard disk failure. |
| RAID-5 volume | Three or more dynamic disks that use RAID level 5 fault tolerance through disk striping and creating parity blocks for data recovery. |
| simple volume | A portion of a disk or an entire disk that is set up as a dynamic disk. |
| Small Computer System Interface (SCSI) | A 32- or 64-bit computer adapter that transports data between one or more attached devices, such as hard disks, and the computer. |
| spanned volume | Two or more Windows Server dynamic disks that are combined to appear as one disk. |
| Storage Area Network (SAN) | A grouping of storage devices that forms a subnet. The storage devices are available to any server on the main network and appear to the user as though they are attached to the server they are accessing. |
| stripe set | Two or more basic disks set up so that files are spread in blocks across the disks. |
| striped volume | Two or more dynamic disks that use striping so that files are spread in blocks across the disks. |
| striping | A data storage method that breaks up data files across all volumes of a disk set to minimize wear on a single volume. |
| system partition | Partition that contains boot files. |
| Unified Extensible Firmware Interface (UEFI) | A firmware alternative to BIOS that includes the use of GPT disks. See Globally Unique Identifier (GUID) Partition Table or GPT. |
| Virtual Disk Service (VDS) | Used to enable management of disk volumes in SANs through one interface at a server. |
| volume | A logical designation of one or more physical disks partitioned and formatted with one file system. One volume can be composed of one or more partitions. |
| volume set | Two or more formatted basic disk partitions (volumes) that are combined to look like one volume with a single drive letter. |
| Volume Shadow Copy Service (VSS) | Backup service used in Windows Server 2003 and Windows Server 2008 to create stable images of files and folders on servers based on the point in time when the image is made. |
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