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Enlightenment
Beaver Local 5
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Revolution in thinking. Through the use of reason, people and governments could solve every social, political and economic problem. | Enlightenment |
| Challenged authority by using scientific reason to solve problems | Enlightenment |
| Member of a group of Enlightenment thinkers who tried to apply the methods of science to the improvement of society | Philosophe |
| Rule or law that governs human nature, universal system of rule | Natural Law |
| A ruler whose power was NOT limited and who usually “inherits” the power | Absolute Monarchy |
| The belief that Absolute Monarchs receive their power from God and therefore cannot be challenged | Divine Rule |
| Right that belongs to all humans from birth | Unalienable Rights |
| Government by the people and for the people | Democracy |
| A government type where there are representatives elected who listen to the citizens | Republic |
| Challenged power of absolutism & divine rule | Enlightenment |
| Places where individuals gathered to hear about the new ideas of the philosophes during the Enlightenment period | Salons |
| The philosophe who believed that humans are naturally selfish | Hobbes |
| The individual who put together a collection of the writings of the major philosophes | Denis Diderot |
| Thomas Hobbes promoted this type of government because he felt it would control the selfish nature of the citizens | Absolute Monarchy |
| The agreement between the government and the citizens where the citizens give up freedoms in exchange for security and protection | Social Contract |
| What are the three unalienable rights that John Locke speaks of? | Life, liberty, and property |
| What does John Locke insist that all humans are born with? | Unalienable rights |
| Who states that the government may be overthrown if the government fails to protect the citizens' life, liberty, and property? | John Locke |
| Who states that individuals in power tend to use and abuse power? | Montesquieu |
| Which philosopher stated that the government's power needed to be seperated in order to limit its power? | Montesquieu |
| The seperation of powers idea prescribed by Montesquieu was adopted by the United States in the form of how many branches | 3 branches |
| The prescribed 3 branch system of government that the U.S. promotes creates this type of system. | Checks and Balances |
| What is the system that establishes the legislative, executive, and judicial where each branch watches the other to assure that none gains more power than the other branch? | Checks and Balances |
| Which philosophe stated that individuals are born good yet corrupted by a bad government? | Rousseau |
| Which philosophe stated that citizens should be given the opportunity to vote? | Rousseau |
| When a government adheres to the most votes provided by the citizens, the government is listening to ____________________________. | Popular Sovereignty |
| Which philosphe promoted freedom of speech? | Voltaire |
| What opportunities did the colonies provide for oppressed individuals in Britain? | Cheap land; social advancement; new identity |
| Which war between 1754-1763 almost bankrupted the British government? | French and Indian War |
| What response did Britain have to their financial "woes" after the French and Indian War? | Began taxing the colonists |
| Which philosophe supported this statement: "no taxation without representation." | John Locke |
| Which type of protest led to the Boston Massacre? | Public Assembly |
| What type of protest does the Boston Tea Party represent? | Civil Disobedience |
| Why were the first shots of the American revolution considered the “Shots heard around the world?" | The shots were considered the "shots heard around the world" because it sent the message around the world that it is possible to revolt against unjust governments. |
| Which specific part of John Locke's philosophy did the leaders of the American Revolution utilize to justify their actions? | The right to overthrow a ruler who does not protect their unalienable rights (or follow natural law) |
| A type of government that is formed when the formation occurs via "the consent of the governed" | democracy |
| The Enlightenment philosophe's spoke about the importance of standing up against tyranny and oppression. What event was inspired by these thoughts? | The American Revolution |
| What specific type of democracy is created when officials are voted into office to represent the mass population? | Republic |
| What were the lasting consequences of the "shots heard around the world" (American Revolution). | Constitutions were now being created; inspired other oppressed peoples to overthrow their unjust governments; set a precendent for others around the world; inspired the seeking of new democracies |
| Which philosophe supports ..."all men are created equal..."? | Locke and Rousseau |
| Which philosophe supports ..."all men are... endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights..."? | Locke |
| Which philosophe supports this idea that the people are the source of their government ..."deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed..." | Rousseau |
Created by:
kjones0722
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