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1. A _____ consists of all of the DNA in a nucleus of a cell.
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2. ______ maps show the relative location of genes on a chromosome as determined by recombination frequencies.
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| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 1. A _____ consists of all of the DNA in a nucleus of a cell. | genome |
| 2. ______ maps show the relative location of genes on a chromosome as determined by recombination frequencies. | Genetic |
| 3. ______ maps are generated using actual landmarks within DNA sequences. | Physical |
| 4. Distances on a genetic map are measured in _____ units. | centimorgan |
| 5. _________ is another term used to describe genome science. | Genomics |
| 6. ________ are silent copies of genes that have been inactivated by mutations. | Pseudogenes |
| 7. Following transcription of eukaryotic genes, introns are removed and exons are spliced together. This process is referred to as______. | splicing |
| 8. A human gene is composed of numerous fragments of protein-encoding information known as ______. | exons |
| 9. The sequence 5' CGGCGGCGGCGGCGGCGGCGGCGGCGGCGG 3' represents a ______________. | simple sequence repeat |
| 10. The ends of chromosomes are called _________. | telomeres |
| 11. Mobile bits of DNA that can jump from one location on a chromosome to another location are called | transposons. |
| 12. Sequences of DNA assembled by identifying overlaps among smaller DNA segments are known as | contig. |
| 13. Conserved arrangements of segments of DNA in related genomes are referred to as | synteny. |
| 14. Mitochondria and chloroplasts are bacterial relatives living within eukaryotes as a result of | endosymbiosis. |
| 15. Draft sequences have | many gaps in regions of highly repetitive DNA. |
| 16. All of the RNA present in a cell or tissue at a specific time is called the | transcriptome. |
| 17. A transgene is | an inserted foreign gene. |
| 18. Chloroplasts can replicate independently because | it has its own genome. |
| 19. A genome sequence with minimal gaps, with the sequences in the correct order, and having no more that 1% error in 10,000 nucleotides would be considered a | finished sequence. |
| 20. Long interspersed elements (LINES) are a type of | transposon. |
| 21. To be classed as a polymorphism, a SNP must be present in | at least 1% of the population of the species being investigated. |
| 22. Non-coding DNA regions within a gene are referred to as | introns. |
| 23. Inactive genes that have lost their function due to mutations are called | pseudogenes. |
| 24. The majority (45%) of the human genome is composed of | transposons. |
| 25. Some regions of chromosomes remain highly condensed, tightly coiled, and untranscribed throughout the cell cycle. These regions are referred called | constitutive heterchromatin. |
| 26. Linkage disequilibrium is | the tendency of genes not to be randomized during meiosis. |
| 27. Microarrays are created by | robotically placing DNA on to a microscope slide and probing with RNA from the tissue of interest. |
| 28. A transgene is an | inserted foreign gene. |
| 29. A private company has been hired by the parliament of ______ to create a data base from pooled medical, genetic, and genealogical information. | Iceland |
| 30. Homologous regions of DNA can vary slightly in base-pair composition among individuals in a population. When a homologous stretch of DNA is cut with restriction enzymes in different individuals, fragments of different lengths are produced. These fragm | restriction fragments length polymorphisms. |
| 31. To avoid confusion, and to allow ease of data interruption, researchers working on cloned DNA from the same species use | sequenced-tagged sites. |
| 32. The sequencing method that cuts DNA segments into fragments, arranges those fragments based on overlapping nucleotide sequences, and then clones these fragments is called | clone by clone sequencing. |
| 33. The sequencing method that cuts the DNA of an entire chromosome into small fragments and then clones these fragments is called | shotgun sequencing. |
| 34. Which of the following statements regarding genomes is true? | In general, eukaryotic genomes are larger than prokaryotic genomes. |
| 35. The majority of DNA in a human is | non-coding. |
| 36. Rice and its grain relatives, maize, barley, and wheat, diverged from a common ancestor 50 million years ago, however the chromosomes of these plants demonstrate extensive conserved arrangements of segments. This phenomenon is called | synteny. |
| 37. Groups of related, but distinctly different, genes that appear to have arisen from a single ancestral gene are referred to as | multigene families. |
| 38. Identical copies of genes that can be transcribed simultaneously are called | tandem clusters. |
| 39. Recombination frequency between genes can used to generate a | genetic map. |
| 40. Your research project involves the characterization of a novel protein. To learn more about its function you perform a yeast two-hybrid screen to identify potential interacting proteins. In your first screening attempt, you isolate one clone. You send | Run a blast search. |
| 41. Given an ideal sequencing reaction of approximately 500 successive nucleotides (excluding overlap), how many sequencing reactions would be needed to determine the complete human genome? | 6.4 million |
| 42. Your research group has recently determined the complete genomic sequence of the organism Examus biologisium. You instruct your group to begin sequence annotation, which involves | the identification of open reading frames. |
| 43. Why do segmental duplications pose a logistical challenge in the proper alignment of DNA sequences? | Segmental duplications are inherently repetitive. |
| 44. All of the following would be useful in an effort to construct a physical map of a genome except | BLAST data. |
| 45. As the director of a new non-profit functional genomics research center, it is your job to oversee the set up of laboratories necessary to achieve the research goals of the center. Therefore, you plan to include all of the following, except a | sequence annotation facility. |
| 46. A catalog of common genetic variants that occur in humans is called a | haplotype map. |
| 47. Which of the following techniques can be used to detect chromosomal abnormalities? | FISH |
| 48. Which of the following organisms has the largest genome? | human |
| 49. Which of the following organisms has the greatest number of genes? | rice |
| 50. Traditionally, toxicology studies have involved numerous bioassays on rodents. However, a more reliable and reproducible approach to study the genome-wide effects of a toxin, one could use | a DNA microarray. |
| 51. In the early 1980s, a number of clones encoding highly-related forms of actin were isolated from a human cDNA library. Given the information that (i) the restriction enzyme maps of the coding regions were dissimilar, and (ii) each clone contained suff | actin proteins are encoded by a multigene family. |
| 52. Which of the following statements regarding pseudogenes is false? | Pseudogenes encode proteins, but the translated proteins are non-functional. |
| 53. You can do all of the following using comparative genomics except | develop a haplotype map. |
| 54. In vertebrates, the family of myogenic regulatory factors (MFRs) plays a major role in muscle development. This family consists of four related genes, including MyoD, MRF4, myogenin, and myf5, each of which have distinct, but overlapping functions. In | compare the DNA and protein sequences of all the genes to determine if nautilus is more closely related to one MRF than another. |
| 55. As a scientist working for an antibioterrorism task force, you are asked to evaluate some biological samples for presence of Yersinia pestis, the organism that causes plague. After confirming that the samples did, indeed, contain Y. pestis, you instru | to gather possible information on the origin of the strain and determine whether the strain has been genetically engineered |
| 56. A pharmaceutical company is trying to develop a new drug to help combat a rare disease. To facilitate the identification of new drug targets, they could | employ protein microarray technology to evaluate the binding of drugs to various proteins. |
| 57. What is the most significant research finding from the rice genome project | The similarity between the rice genome and other cereal crops will help scientists to move faster to develop genome data for other cereal crops. |
| 58. After years of work, a researcher identified a novel protein that binds to serotonin receptors in mouse brain. Which of the following explanations regarding gene patents is most appropriate in this case? | The researcher has not yet clearly defined the function of the gene. However, when the function is clearly identified, the use of the gene can be patented. |
| 59. How is the study of genomics expected to influence future health care? | The study of genomics is expected to provide insight into the relationship between genes and the environment, and why certain people get sick while others remain healthy. It should enable us to learn more about the causes and effects of various diseases, |
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