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Anthro - Test 2
Exam 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Fossil | replaces the remains of orgasnisms of the past - rapidly covered soil must be good where no oxygen can get in minerals in soil can replace the organic matter . Mostly found in africia. |
| Relative Dating Methods | tells youif something is older of younger than something else. |
| Stratigraphy | relative dating in geology. Layers in soil. Layer deposits- strata different colors in layers, artifacts in layers |
| Absolute Dating Methods | will give a date of what something is. |
| Dendrochronology | tree-ring dates. Counting the rings of a tree to tell how old it is. The pattern of thick or thin rings tells the climate tells the climate in the years. |
| Obsiddian Hydration | volcano rock/ refered to volcano glass- after it hdrates it makes a dull surface. Bc of the oxegen layer we can tell the date. |
| Radioactive Dating Methods | elements that give off energy until element is the rate and decay depend how much energy is left. |
| Potassium - Argon Dating | measuring potassium & argon relative amount-volcano ash(example) |
| Radiocarbon Dating / Carbon - 14 Dating | measuring samples of carbon 14's half-life to date object. HALF-LIFE 5730-40 |
| Order, general locations, brain size, culture and physical characteristics of the major Hominid stages | |
| Australopithecus africanus/ Australopithecus afarensis | (Lower Paleolithic)first hominids genus, discovered in south africa, brian size 450cc, pebble tools, small farms, colonist, gracile(graceful), robust(stay close to woods) no close, fire, lang, housing |
| Homo habilis | (Lower Paleolithic)handy man (tool makers) brain 750cc |
| Homo erectus | (Lower Paleolithic)first found in Java, earlist use of fire, big game hunting, 1000cc brain size. teeth small, nose bridge, longer foreheads, less hairy |
| Java "Man" | fossils of homo erectus found in Java |
| Peking "Man" | fossils of homo erectus found in beijing. chinese- man pekiensis, peking man. |
| Heidelberg "Man" | fossils found in Germany |
| Archaic Homo sapiens | fossils found 300,000yrs ago, |
| Homo sapiens neanderthalensis / Homo neanderthalensis | Mid Paleo)(wise place river vally)disc in germ,cave dwelling,animal in-breeding, short and stalky bodies,brains 1500cc,low-forehead. 1856 fossil found, flake tools, stone tool, for knife, scrapper, sphere.man caves, rituals |
| Neandererthal "Man" | Middle Paleolithic) |
| Homo sapiens sapiens | (Neanderthal) |
| Cro-Magnon "Man" | homo sapiens sapiens |
| Paleolithic | |
| Lower Paleolithic | 100,000-4 mill yrs ago, middle and lower pliestocene Low-piliocene, villafrancian, 1st glacier(gunz, nebraskan), 1st interglacier, 2nd glacial(mindel Kansan), 2nd interglacial, 3rd glacial(Riss, Illinoisan)- Australopithecus and Homo erectus- fire |
| Middle Paleolithic | 40,000-100,000 yrs ago, 3rd Interglacial, rituals |
| Upper Paleolithic | 10,000-40,000, Upper pliestocene4th glacial (wurm, Wisconsin) - emergence of art |
| Mesolithic | transition between hunting and farming, and gathering & farming, hunting smaller n faster game, eating sea food, first boat, wild grains. |
| Neolithic | domestic - milling stones, wheat to flour, and bread making. Grond stone tools, plants & animals domesticated. Build of houses, village life begins & farming & settled population with posseccion of property. wheat n barley, wool weaving, clothe wearing |
| Tool types | Core tools(pebble tools, hand axe), Flake tools(mousterian Tradition, blade n microliths), Alt-alt, Hafted axe, adze |
| Core Tools | |
| Pebble Tools | (Australopithecus)used by australopithecus |
| Hand Axe | stone used for chopping |
| Flake Tools | HSS/N |
| Mousterian Tradition (New Flake) | knifes, scrapers, and sphere - HSS/N |
| Blade Tools | used by cro-magnon- knifes, scrappers, drills, needles. |
| Microliths | wooden bone handle |
| Alt-alt | hunting tool - handle on sphere thrower. made of bone 1 n 1/2 ft long, can throw 3x's further than by hand. |
| Hafted Axe | tie to stick - after ice age ended, heavy forest grew, found and made canoe, paddles, and wood tools |
| Adze | head rotated 90 deg, paralle slightley different than the axe |
| Characteristics and of contributions of the follow civilization area. | |
| Mesopotamia | Iraq. 5500 yrs ago, river valley, S.W. Asia, allowed transportaion of goods, begginnings of agriculture, Potter wheel- an earsier way of making pots, bRONZE(COPPER(SOFT))Tin(weapons(hard)),Ziggart-temple of sun dried bricks, city&States-lg wall borders, |
| Mesopotamia | war starting, writing script, writing of clay, perm record, Cuneiform a system of (counted by)60's |
| Northern and Estern Mediterranean | Eroupean Civilization, shift of power, democrocy, gymnazium, ABC's travel through river sharing ABC's, Iron tools & weapons, made in Labia, Forging Iron-heat in fire, |
| China | Yellow river valley, 1500bc- shang Dynasty, fine Bronze, Jay's carving, chin grafing/script, 1027bc chou dynasty, meth of cast iron, chip dynasty, great wall,Haun Dynasty, paper method, Tang Dynasty, mth of gun powder, orng drink flav, endous valley of |
| China | civilization, 2 lg cities Harappa & mohenjo Daro building cities into lg rec housing, carried waste out |
| Egypt | Counted by 10, nile riv val, runs N & dumps in Mederi., blue & red nile riv trans & distribution, low n Up egypt rulled by pharaorh-a living god, bury in mudd tombs, Pyrimid bulding, 1st pye-king zocha, surrounded by complex, burials were raided, then |
| Egypt | a vally of king & oen for queen.Ramsey's, a read-paper-writing on, hydroglithics to a cursive writing, neoplian-cracked th code. |
| Mesoamerica | built pyrimids out of dirt, tot-tee, Holy calender, 20 days, 13 variation, 260 days, every 52yrs, allignment- break pottery, women locked up, children pinched, fire, Aztec sacrafice- it was an honor to be- cut heart and touch w/ fire. (new fire ceromony), |
| Mesoamerica | Books- historical, religios, & astronomy- spanish burned and killed priest, Demines invented "0" number system made one(dots) and fives(lines), Spanish Keltoez- in Aztec-most pop die of sm pox, had gun, spheres, & dogs. |
| Andean South America | Quito/Equador, (leaders)shavian civilization, chi-moo, mo-chica(7yrs), chanchan, 5-6 billion people, no writing, Quipu- strings(for counting), tax agraculture, Inca- drafted people for wk & pay taxes, road of stairs, runners to carry messages |
| Physical Variation: Skin color, eye color, hair color -melanin | Skin color- skin in danger of cancer, burning, dying. Melanin- protect from UV rays- need sun 4 vit D, early homo-erectur from africa-darker skin was more protected, move from af to asia, skin changed, Hair form- straight, wavy, curly, wooley, kinky, |
| Skin color, eye color, hair color -melanin Hair form, quantity, and distribution | & pepper corn, stright-keeps heat in, curly- tropical release heat, Quality eroup.-hairest, asian-least, dist.-shaving, some race don't grow facial hair. |
| Body build | Hoter climate- stocky, colder-learner, genetics is reason of body types |
| Height | short & tall, Umboti-short height, Masi-high height, Genetics, genes, nutritent, culture practise, vaccines, stretching legs before 2yrs, variation- rolling tongue, thumb going back..etc |
| Susceptibility and resistance to infection distribution | population-1st infected by diseases will wipe out a population in time our system get imuned. Vac's givin |
| Sickle Cell Anemia | Disorder of red blood cell. Red blood cell carry oxygen, Cell will explode/collapse-no oxygen, cause extrem pain, most in SC in a maleria-Cilaly, turkey, pakastan |
| Race | Rasism, discrimination, plagerisim, Vague arbralary- not valid most believe- different people, physical, culture, language, ability, behavior, race is inherited culture is learned. |
| Meloen | sheild to protect skin to produce enough vitamin d, |
| pro-maganament | man/women-named after france |
| pithecanthropus Erectur | man stay up right |
| Neolithic Centers of Food Production and Domesticates | |
| SOUTH WEST ASIA - | (IRAQ) Wheat and Barley - Animals - sheep, goat, pig, dog, cow, horse, camel. |
| SOUTH EAST ASIA | Rice, chicken, water buffalo |
| MESOAMERICA | (Lower Mexico)- Gords(squash like), beans, Maize corn |
| EAST COAST SOUTH AMERICA | (Andean, South America) - gord, beans, squash, wht, potato, sweet potato, 200 kinds of potato, tomato, peanut, chili pep, animals, llama, alpaca, guinea pig. |
| SUBSAHARA, AFRICIA | below laditude - mullet, sorghum, cat, cereal grain |
| YELLOW RIVER VALLEY | (China)millet, cereal grain, silkworm |
| Characteristics of All Civilizations | (Starts after Neolithic)Horticulture, Agriculture, specialization of labor, efficient distrubution system, cities, states, social stratification, collecting food, and food production |
| Horticulture | types of farming, small scale farming, simple tool and methods, digging stick, slash and burn horticulture - for light and soils and for growing plants |
| Agriculture (profit) | plow- lg feild, can be usedfor landscaping, fertilize system, argigation system |
| Specialization of Labor | farmers, potters, crafts, weeving, merchants, (Last names came by jobs done) |
| Efficient Distrabution | distribute products, Indus vally, medi valley, and china valley |
| Cities | capitaol of civilization, focus on power / ruler, political centers, markets, social, religion |
| States | level of political civilization band, tribe, chefdon, state. Formalize formal leader King, Queen, dictator, central government state society, influence society make laws, collect taxes, draft people |
| Band | Hunting gasthering- less than 100 people, monamtic and semimonamtic |
| Tribe | more people 125 in village, no one higher, ciprial in change, practice horticulture. |
| Chefdon | formalize leader to make you do things, ranked power to status in after father |
| Intensive Socialization | Caste system, unequal |
| Cultural Trading | which spreads the ways of learning to cook, make things, and styles of clothes. |
| Blood Types - ABO System | varies in dif population, grouping/types:Antogen A(dominent)Antogen B(less Dominment)ABuniversal reccessive. O-reccessive, Type O can be giving to other blood in disasters. |
| Blood Factors - Rh Factors | Rhesus, makes blood positive, if your neg you do not Rhesus. Rhesus is rare in east of Asia. |
| Lactose Deficiency | Imsine in the blood-lactose sugar, Sugar in the milk causes nasty intestan probs more after 7yrs of age can not drink milk. Start domesticated animals that produce milk. |
| Four Major Hominids | Australopithecus Africanus, Homo-erectus, Homo sapiens neanderthalensis, homo sapiens sapiens |
Created by:
manava854
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