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Anth 401 Test 2

Anth401 Test 2 Dr. Williams

QuestionAnswer
What are the 3 phases of fracture healing? Reactive Phase, Reparative Phase, Remodeling Phase
What are the stages of the Reactive Phase? Fracture and Formation of granulation tissue
What are the stages of the Reparative Phase? Callus Formation and Lamellar Bone
What happens in the Remodeling Phase? Callus is reduced
When does the Reactive Phase happen? From time of fracture to 3-4 weeks
What is the time frame for the Reparative Phase? 3-4 weeks to 2-3 months
What is the time frame for the Remodeling Phase? 3 months+
List the stages of remodeling. Fracture, Formation fo Granulation Tissue, Callus Formation, Lamellar Bone, Remodeling
Define pseudoarthrosis. Broken ends of bone never heal back togehter creating a false joint.
When does a hematoma form? Stage 1 - The Fracture
Evidence of repair occurs when? Two weeks.
Which bones do Le Fort Fracture occur on? The skull
What is a Le Fort 1 Fracture? Horizontal
What is a Le Fort 2 Fracture? Pyramidal
What is a Le Fort 3 Fracture? Transverse
Define a stellate fracture. Result from extreme inbending at the point of stress impact due to high force levels.
Define depressed fracture of the skull. Characterized by inbending and outbending, linear fractures may also occur.
Define hinge fracture. Divides the skull at the base antero-posteriorly.
Define a diastatic fracture. When cranial bones seperate at the sutures.
Define spondylolysis. Detachment of the neural arch. It is a form of a fatigue fracture.
True or False: The 1st and 2nd ribs are easy to fracture. False; They are somewhat protected and less often fractured.
What 2 categories do rib fractures most often fall into? Transverse and oblique
Rib fractures in children occur where? Front and Back
Rib fractures in adults occur where? Sides
What bone is fractured with a Colles Fracture? The distal radius
What do Colles Fractures result from? Falling and are classified as a long energy (low force/stress) sheer.
What bone is fractured with a Perry Fracture? Ulna
Define a Perry Fracture. Defensive fracture
What bone is fractured with a jump fracture? Acetabulum of the Os Coxa
How does a jump fracture occur? Falling from a height onto an individuals side.
Define a jump fracture. It is a direct tapping fracture in which the acetabulum is pushed internally by the femoral head.
What bone is fractured with a bumper fracture? Tibia
How does a bumper fracture occur? When a pedestrian is struck by a car's bumper resulting in a midshaft fracture.
What happens when a bone suffers from luxation? It becomes dislocated
Why does dislocation usually occur in middle age adults? For juveniles the epiphysis will usually seperate before the bone can become dislocated. In seniors the bones usually fracture before they can become dislocated.
What are the 2 most common joints to dislocate? Shoulder and Hip
What are the 2 variables with Kinetic energy? Velocity and Mass
Define muzzle velocity. The speed of the bullet as it leaves teh barrel of the weapon.
Define yaw. The measure of how tightly a bullet follows its trajectory.
Define rifling. The stability of the bullet.
Why are high velocity bullets jacketed? To keep the bullet from melting. It also serves to reduce air resistance and friction that can slow down the trajectory of the bullet.
Define penetrating. If the bullet enters the body but does not exit.
Define perforating. If the bullet enters and exits the body.
Define cavitation. Tissue and organ damage by a bullet.
What is a gutter wound? when a bullet skims across the surface creating a trough through the 3 layers of the cranium.
What is a keyhole fracture? When the bullet penetrates the skull and removes the outer and inner layer of the skull.
What happens during a keyhole fracture when the bullet ducks under the bone? The outer cranial surface breaks away.
What does the expanding broken away area show? The direction of the bullet.
Created by: morganwilson2
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