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NOS220 Review (Ch5)
Linux Study Guide - Linux Filesystem Administration
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| /dev directory | The directory off the root where device files are typically stored. |
| /dev/MAKEDEV command | The command used to re-create a device file if one or more of the following pieces of device information is unknown |
| /etc/fstab | A file used to specify which filesystems to mount automatically at boot time and queried by the mount command if an insufficient number of arguments are specified. |
| /etc/mtab | A file that stores a list of currently mounted filesystems. |
| /proc/devices | A file that contains currently used device information. |
| bad blocks | The areas of a storage medium unable to store data properly. |
| block | The unit of data commonly used by filesystem commands; a block can contain several sectors. |
| block devices | The storage devices that transfer data to and from the system in chunks of many data bits by caching the information in RAM; they are represented by block device files. |
| cfdisk command | A command used to partition hard disks; it displays a graphical interface in which the user can select partitioning options. |
| character devices | The storage devices that transfer data to and from the system one data bit at a time; they are represented by character device files. |
| cylinder | A series of tracks on a hard disk that are written to simultaneously by the magnetic heads in a hard disk drive. |
| device file | A file used by Linux commands that represents a specific device on the system; these files do not have a data section and use major and minor numbers to reference the proper driver and specific device on the system, respectively. |
| df (disk free space) command | A command that displays disk free space by filesystem. |
| disk-burning software | Software that can be used to record data to CD-RW or DVD-RW media. |
| du (directory usage) command | A command that displays directory usage. |
| edquota command | A command used to specify quota limits for users and groups. |
| fdisk command | A command used to create, delete, and manipulate partitions on hard disks. |
| filesystem | The organization imposed on a physical storage medium that is used to manage the storage and retrieval of data. |
| filesystem corruption | The errors in a filesystem structure that prevent the retrieval of stored data. |
| formatting | The process in which a filesystem is placed on a disk device. |
| fsck (filesystem check) command | A command used to check the integrity of a filesystem and repair damaged files. |
| fuser command | A command used to identify any users or processes using a particular file or directory. |
| hard disk quotas | The limits on the number of files, or total storage space on a hard disk drive, available to a user. |
| hard limit | A hard disk quota that the user cannot exceed. |
| ISO images | Files that contain an ISO 9660 filesystem within. |
| logical volume (LV) | A volume that is managed by the LVM and composed of free space within a VG. |
| Logical Volume Manager (LVM) | A set of software components within Linux that can be used to manage the storage of information across several different hard disks on a Linux system. |
| lvcreate command | A command used to create LVM logical volumes. |
| lvdisplay command | A command used to view LVM logical volumes. |
| lvextend command | A command used to add additional space from volume groups to existing LVM logical volumes. |
| lvscan command | A command used to view LVM logical volumes. |
| major number | The number used by the kernel to identify which device driver to call to interact properly with a given category of hardware; hard disk drives, CD-ROMs, and video cards are all categories of hardware; similar devices share a common major number. |
| minor number | The number used by the kernel to identify which specific hardware device, within a given category, to use a driver to communicate with; see also major number. |
| mkfs (make filesystem) command | A command used to format or create filesystems. |
| mkisofs command | A command used to create an ISO image from one or more files on the filesystem. |
| mknod command | A command used to re-create a device file, provided the major number, minor number, and type (character or block) are known. |
| mkswap command | A command used to prepare newly created swap partitions for use by the Linux system. |
| mount command | A command used to mount filesystems on devices to mount point directories. |
| mount point | The directory in a file structure to which something is mounted. |
| mounting | A process used to associate a device with a directory in the logical directory tree such that users can store data on that device. |
| partition | A physical division of a hard disk drive. |
| physical extent (PE) | size The block size used by the LVM when storing data on a volume group. |
| physical volume (PV) | A hard disk partition that is used by the LVM. |
| pvcreate command | A command used to create LVM physical volumes. |
| pvdisplay command | A command used to view LVM physical volumes. |
| pvscan command | A command used to view LVM physical volumes. |
| quota command | A command used to view disk quotas imposed on a user. |
| quotaoff command | A command used to deactivate disk quotas. |
| quotaon command | A command used to activate disk quotas. |
| quotas | The limits that can be imposed on users and groups for filesystem usage. |
| repquota command | A command used to produce a report on quotas for a particular filesystem. |
| root filesystem | The filesystem that contains most files that make up the operating system; it should have enough free space to prevent errors and slow performance. |
| sector | The smallest unit of data storage on a hard disk; sectors are arranged into concentric circles called tracks and can be grouped into blocks for use by the system. |
| soft limit | A hard disk quota that the user can exceed for a certain period of time. |
| Solid State Drives (SSDs) | Hard disk devices that use flash memory chips for storage instead of electromagnetic platters. |
| swapoff command | A command used to disable a partition for use as virtual memory on the Linux system. |
| swapon command | A command used to enable a partition for use as virtual memory on the Linux system. |
| syncing | The process of writing data to the hard disk drive that was stored in RAM. |
| track | The area on a hard disk that forms a concentric circle of sectors. |
| tune2fs command | A command used to modify ext2 and ext3 filesystem parameters. |
| umount command | A command used to break the association between a device and a directory in the logical directory tree. |
| vgcreate command | A command used to create LVM volume groups. |
| vgdisplay command | A command used to view LVM volume groups. |
| vgextend command | A command used to add additional physical volumes to an LVM volume group. |
| vgscan command | A command used to view LVM volume groups. |
| volume group (VG) | A group of physical volumes that are used by the LVM. |
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