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Anemia
Clin path
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Define anemia | Decreased O2 caring capacity |
| What is the most accurate way to classify anemia? | Bone marrow response |
| Causes of Low MCV | *Iron deficiency #1 cause *congenital (akita's /shiba Inus) |
| Cause of high MCV | *#1 cause Immature cells(Regenerative anemia) *congenital (poodles/min schn) *FELV (With or w/out anemia) |
| Causes of Low MCHC | *#1 cause iron dificiency (hypochromasia) *Immature cellss ( regenerative anemia) |
| Causes of High MCHC | * ARTIFACT!! -Hemolysis, lipemia, heinz bodies |
| ___ anemia will cause decreased Hb concentration in the blood | Regenerative |
| Define: Regenerative anemia | Losing blood abnormally. |
| Def: Non Regenerative anemia | Not producing new blood cells (Decrease/loss of production of erythropoietin bone marrow disorder) |
| Regenerative anemia must be verified by? | absolute reticulocyte count |
| Regenerative anemia classifications | *blood loss *chronic hemorrhage, |
| #1 cause of regenerative anemia | Blood loss |
| Causes of regenerative anemia | *Blood loss *Chronic hemorrhage *hemolysis *blood parasites *Heinz bodies *microorganisms *Hemolysis *RBC defects *metabolic disorders |
| Causes of Chronic hemorrhage | *Parasites *GI ulcers/neoplasia *IBD *Overuse of bld donor/research anemia |
| Types of anemia | Regenerative and non regenerative |
| What is IMHA and key points to remember? | Immune mediated hemoyitic anemia: Remember: *Agglutination/spherocytes *coombs test |
| Blood parasite, Intra and extracellular | Intra: *Babesia *erlichia Extra: *Haemobartonella canis *Haemobartonella felis |
| Heinz bodies are formed from pieces of _____ and are destroyed through the spleen by what process? | Denatures hemoglobin *extracellular hemolysis |
| What spp are Heinz boby common in and what can cause Heinz bodies? | *Noramal in felines (5% or less) *onion, garlic or tylenol toxicity |
| Define: Metabolic disorders | Anything that can interfere with Hb synthesis or metobolic processes of RBC's |
| MCV Descriptions: | *Microcytic *Macrocytic *normocytic |
| MCHC Descriptions: | Normochromic * Artifact if hyperchromic *hypochromic |
| Microorganisms that can cause regenerative anemia | *Clostridium spp(cattle, dogs) *Leptospira spp(farm animals) |
| Medical name for Fading kitten syndrome? | Neonatal Isoerythrolysis (forms antigen antibody complex) |
| Process of cross matching: | 1. Centrifuge donor and recipients blood 2. Mix cells from donor tube and serum from recipients tube on slide to check for aglutination. 3. Repeat the process vice versa and check again for agglutination |
| Main cause of high MCV? | Regenerative anemia |
| Number one cause of low MCV and MCHC ? | *Iron deficiency |
| What animal is H20 intoxication most common in? | Calves |
| Excessive IV fluids can cause _____ to occur in plasma | Hypoosmoality |
| Drugs/chemicals that can cause heinz bodies | *Benzocaine * propylene glycol *propofol |
| 2 main causes of non-regenerative anemia | *bone marrow dysfunction *reduced/defective erythropoiesis |
| _____ are chemicals released by inflammatory cells | cytokines |
| causes of non regenerative anemia | *Reduced Erythropoeisis *Renal dz *Damage to bone marrow *damage to bone marrow *Infectious agents *Immune mediated *idiopathic aplastic anemia *Myloprliferative disorder *congenital |
| Damage to bone marrow can cause? | Pancytopenia ( decrease in all cells) |
| 2 common dz that cause non regenerative anemia | FELV and Parvo |
| overproduction of one type of cell in the bone marrow is know as? | Myloproliferative disorder |
| True or false: Anemia can start as regenerative and then progress to non regenerative | True |
| Lead toxicity is also known as _____ and typically has what cells associated with it? | *Plumbism * basophilic stippling nucleated rbc |
| 3 things that ccan cause intravascular hemolysis | *envenomation *parasites *bacteria |
| 3 things that can cause extracellular hemolysis | *IMHA *DIC *Erythroparasites |
| A gradual onset of anemia suggests what type? | Non Regenerative |
| A sudden onset suggest what type of anemia? | Regenerative |
| Bright red blood is known as ___ and is usually from the ___ GI tract | *Frank *lower (regenerative) |
| dark tary blood is known as ___ and is usually from the ___ GI tract | *Melena * Upper GI (Chronic regenerative) |
| Cells seen with regenerative anemia | Anisocytosis/polychromasia |
| Cells seen with non-regenerative anemia | Normocytic/ normochromic |
| Cells seen with Iron deficiency | Microcytic/ hypochromasia : schistocytes / keratocytes |
| Toxic chemical exposures that cause anemia | *Plants(Reg) *Lead(non-reg) *rodenticides(Reg) |
| Pale + icteric MM indicate _____ | hemolysis |
| Cynotic MM indicate | hypoxia |
| Pinpoint hemorrhage on MM indicate | patechia |
| Lrg red hemorrhages on MM indicate | Echimosis |
| To access anemia you need to preform A ___ or a ____ for non definitive cases | *CBC *bone marrow aspirate |
| Bone marrow response is evaluated by detecting | immature erythrocytes (presence of RNA) |
| What are the two types of reticulocytes cats have? | Aggregate and punctate |
| Reticulocytes can be counted manually by using what stain? | New methylene blue |
Created by:
brit_2112
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