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Survey of anth- 8
subsistence and poltics
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Chiefdom or kingdom | a system of political organization involving an inheritable office, often passed through a family line, in which power adheres to the office not because of a person’s abilities. |
| Coercive power | the use of force, legitimate or illegitimate, whether by individuals or groups. |
| Counterhegemony | an ideology or movement that challenges a reigning hegemony. |
| Hegemonic power | the dominance of ideas or culture, such that imbalances of power or other inequalities are maintained. |
| Persuasive power | the use of words, relationships, and actions that influence others |
| Politics | the distribution, understanding and use of power in social groups |
| Political anthropology | the study of power and authority and systems of organizing social life. |
| Power | influence or control over the behavior of others. |
| Social sanctions | the responses, positive or negative, that people receive for their behavior |
| State | a highly centralized form of political organization in which authority rests in institutions and offices. |
| Tribe | a decentralized political system usually associated with horticultural and pastoral modes of subsistence. |
| Power | the ability to influence others |
| Social inequality | the differential access to economic resources, political power, or social prestige that results from social stratification |
| Social stratification | the organization of people into ranked groups, or hierarchies, based on particular characteristics. |
| Social structure | the ways people coordinate their lives in relation to one another at the level of society |
| Kula ring | an exchange system around the chain of Trobriand Islands. |
| Authority | the right granted to exercise power |
| Band | the most ancient political system , in which power and authority are organized in informal , decentralized ways. |
| Hunting and gathering societies/ foraging | Men and Women are fairly equal Both men and women contribute to the food base.used to be the number one mode of survival for humans. Foraging was the most common mode of production for over 90% of the time that humans have existed. |
| Horticulture | Women helped to grow crops and they were respected because they had such a high economic status.Horticulture is characterized by slashing and burning. The defining feature is a crop or forest rotation with long fallow periods |
| Pastoral | Men own the animals and they get their wives by paying for her with animals. This causes the men to feel as if the woman is a possession.Pastoralists defining feature is mobility. Their main concern is the care, the tending, and the use of livestock. |
| Agriculture | The defining features of industrialism are specialized production and manufacturing of goods. The basis of this mode of production is a reliance on machinery to support a big industry. Men do most of the work and therefore control all the money. |
| Industrial | Men go to the city and make money in factories. Women stay home and make no money. They are not respected because they are domestic laborers. |
| Bands | A group who wanders around their land which usually consists of a water hole, forest, pan, ect. |
| Legal | A dispute that is handled on a formal level. The authorities become involved. |
| social organization | patterning of human interdependence in a given society through the actions and decisions of its members |
| economic anthropology | part of the discipline of anthropology that debates issues of human nature that relate directly to the decisions daily life and making a living. |
| capitalism | an economic system dominated by the supply-demand-price mechanism of the market--an entire way of life that grew in response to and in service of that market. |
| modes of exchange | patterns according to which distribution takes pace--reciprocity, redistribution, and market exchange. |
| reciprocity | exchange of goods and services of equal value. there are 3 forms: generalized, negative, and balanced |
| negative exchange | parties to the exchange hope to get something for nothing |
| balanced exchange | return of equal value is expected within a specified time limit |
| generalized exchange | neither the time nor the value of the return is specified |
| redistribution | mode of exchange that requires some form of centralized social organization to receive economic contributions from all members of the group and to redistribute them in such a way as to provide for every group member. |
| market exchange | exchange of goods calculated in terms of a multipurpose medium of exchange and standard of value and carried out by means of a supply-demand- price mechanism |
| mode of production | a specific, historically occurring set of social relations through which labor is deployed. Foraging, Horticulture, Pastoralism, and Agriculture and Industrial/Information |
| Humans all over the world rely on modes of production, distribution, and consumption in order to provide food and other commodities necessary in life | These modes differ based on culture in the ways that humans relate to and make use of the natural environment, how humans relate to each other, how the institutions of society and federal states cause change, and how ideas impact the ways in which these r |
| Consumption | the buying or use of a good or service that has been previously distributed and produced. Whenever an individual buys from a store or buys a service from someone else they have taken part in consumption. |
| "original affluent society" | refer to foragers who, he argued, lived in societies of "affluence." Sahlins defined affluence as "having more than enough of whatever is required to satisfy consumption needs." |
| Production | the transformation of nature's raw materials into a form suitable for Human use. |
| Distribution | is the transport of produced goods whether that be by land, air or sea to the consumer. Examples include the shipping of a package around the globe or even simply taking food to the market to sell. |
| Consumption | is the buying or use of a good or service that has been previously distributed and produced. Whenever an individual buys from a store or buys a service from someone else they have taken part in consumption. |
| affluence | the state of more than the amount necessary to fulfil consumption needs. |
| Kinds of Social Power | Interpersonal Power, Organizational Power, Structural Power |
| Interpersonal Power | The ability of one individual to impose his or her own will on another individuals |
| Organizational Power | Highlights how individuals or social units can limit the actions of other individuals in particular social settings |
| Structural Power | Organizes social settings themselves and controls the allocation of social labor |
| Post-Industrial/Information | The shift from an industrial economy dominated by manufacturing jobs to an economy dominated by service-oriented, information-intensive occupations. The term Post-Industrial economy refers to a period in which an already industrialized economy or nation b |
Created by:
ncronk
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