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The Periodic Table
Chem
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Very useful for understanding and predicting properties of elements | Periodic Table |
| ○ A Russian chemist and teacher | - Dimitri Mendeleev |
| - Dimitri Mendeleev in 1869 published a periodic table in which elements were arranged: | 1. In order of inc. atomic mass 2. In horizontal groups containing elements with similar properties |
| ○ Left spaces in his periodic table so that elements with similar properties could be placed in the same group. | Dimitri Mendeleev |
| were discovering and two empty spaces in the table were filled. | gallium and germanium |
| - Modern Periodic Table ○ Elements are arranged: | 1. In order of increasing atomic number 2. In vertical groups containing elements with similar properties |
| - Periodic Law States that where elements are arranged in order of __________ there is a periodic repition of physical and chemical properties | increasing atomic # |
| periodic table can be divided into 3 classes of elements | Metals, nonmetals and metalloids |
| Are good conductors of heat and electricity | metals |
| metals are ______ which means they can be drawn into wire? | ductile |
| metals are _______ which means they can be hammered into sheets | malleable |
| Metals are ______ at room temp.? | solid |
| ○ Are in upper-night corner of the periodic table | nonmetals |
| ○ Tend to have properties in which are opposite to those of metals | nonmetals |
| ○ Have properties similar to metals and nonmetals | Metalloids |
| Color of the symbol rep. the phase ___________ and indicates if it is not found in nature. | at room temp. |
| Elements can be classifies into ____ categories according to Electron Configuration. | 4 |
| Noble gases (group | 8A |
| a. Have their outermost s or p sublevels filled | Noble Gases |
| b. Do not participate in many chem. Reactions | Noble gases (group 8A) |
| Representative Elements group? | (1A through 7A) |
| Have their outermost s or p sublevels only partially filled | Representative Elements |
| b. Display a wide range of physical and chemical properties. | Representative Elements |
| Groups 1A is called the | Alkali metals |
| Group 2A is called the | alkaline earth metals |
| Group 3A is called the | Halogen |
| Representative Elements group number ____the number of electron in the highest occupied energy level | equals |
| Transition metals (__ groups) | B |
| Their outermost s and nearby d sublevels contain electrons | Transition metals (B groups) |
| b. Are characterized by the presence of electrons in d orbitals | Transition metals (B groups) |
| Transition metals (B groups) Make up the __ block | d |
| a. Their outermost s and nearby f sublevels contain electrons | Inner Transition Metals |
| b. Are characterized by the presence of electrons in the f orbitals | Inner Transition Metals |
| Inner Transition Metals make up ___ block | f |
| - Block Diagram of the Periodic Table consists of _____ blocks | 4 (s,p,d,f) |
| ○ Each block corresponds to a sublevel being filled with electrons. | - Block Diagram of the Periodic Table |
| can be determined from a periodic table | Electron configuration |
| correspond to the principal energy level of s and p sublevels. | Period #'s |
| The principal energy level of the d sublevel is one _____than the period #. | less |
| ○ The principal energy level of the f sublevel is ______less than the period #. | two |
| ○ Cannot be determined directly from a single atom, because an atom does not have a sharply defined boundary. | - Atomic Radius |
| ○ Is one- half of the distance between the nuclei of two like atoms which are joined | Atomic Radius |
| Atomic Radius is measured in ____ | picometer § 1pm= 1x 10^ -12m |
| First ionization energy______as you go down a group (electrons are added to successively higher principal energy levels) | increase |
| First ionization energy____ as you move left to right across a period | decrease |
| ○ At atom is electrically neutral because it has Equal #;s of____ and _______ | protons and electrons. |
| ○ Is an atom or group of atoms that has a positive or negative charge. | ion |
| Atoms of metals tend to form + ions called ___ | cations |
| Atoms of nonmetals tend to form negative ions called | anions |
| ○ Energy required to remove an electron from a gaseous atom | - Ionization Energy (I.E.) |
| as you go down a group, because the size of the atom inc. as you go down a group. | Decreases |
| As you move from left to right across a period. This is because the size of the atom dec. | increases |
| ○ Positive ions (cations) are always _____ than the neutral atoms from which they are formed. | smaller |
| ○ Negative ions (anions) are always _____ that the neutral atoms from which they are formed. | larger |
| - Ion size ____ as you go down a group | increase |
| - Ion size __ as you move from left to right across a period. | Decrease |
| Is the ability of an atom in a compound to attract electrons. | Electronegativity |
| Electronegativity ______ as you move down a group | decreases |
| Electronegativity as you move left to right in a period (representative elements) | increases |
| -----------------> (across) | ○ Atomic radius dec. ○ Ionic size dec. • Ionization energy inc. • Electronegativity inc. |
| | | v (down) | ○ Atomic radius inc. ○ Ionic size inc. • Ionization energy dec. • Electronegativity dec. |
Created by:
lax5