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Economics 202 Ch 30
Principles of Economics Ch 30
Question | Answer |
---|---|
In developed countries agricultural productivity has: | Increased greatly, therefore food production has required a steadily shrinking percentage of the available resources in developed countries. |
U.S. agricultural markets are among the most: | Competitive of all U.S. markets and most agricultural markets are very large. |
Agricultural producers are producing essentially: | Indentical products to those of their competitors. |
Most agricultural producers have no market power and must: | Compete in terms of productivity and cost eddiciency. |
The federal government's farm policies have been aimed at: | Helping farmers deal with their long run problem (falling farm prices and total revenue) and their short run problem (unstable farm prices and total revenue). |
Farm prices and total revenue have generally been falling due to: | Increasing productivity in agriculture, demand for farm products in income inelastic, and demand for farm products in price inelastic. |
The short run problems of unstable farm prices and total revenue are due to: | The supply of farm products is unpredictable due to weather and when the supply changes equilibrium price and quantity will change. |
To help maintain prices above free market equilibrium the federal government has relied on these traditional farm policies: | Price supports, supply restricting policies, and target prices. |
A price support program: | Establishes a price floor above the equilibium price for the farm product. |
Supply Restricting Policies | Various programs have either required farmers to reduce supply, or paid farmers to reduce supply. |
Target Prices | The government establishes a target price for the farm product. If the market price is less thanthe target price, then government pays a deficency payment to the farmers. |
The Fair Act of 1996 | An attempt to reduce the federal government's role in subsidizing farmers, and to eventually eliminate most government subsidiesto farmers. |
The Farm Security and Rual Investment Act of 2002 | Renewed the federal government's major role in agricultural markets by providing larger subidies to farmers than provided by the Fair Act. |
The Farm Security and Rual Investment Act of 2002 subidies were provided largely through these programs: | Direct payments, counter-cyclical payments, and nonrecource commodity loans. |
Direct Payments | Fixed payments to produces of eligible crops (corn, wheat, rice, upland cotton, barley, grain sorghum, soybeans, other oilseeds, and peanuts). |
Counter-Cyclical Payments | Similar to the deficiency payments provided under traditional target prices. |
Nonrecourse Commodity Loans | Have an effect of establishing a price floor for the commodity |
The Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 | Continued the federal government's major role in agricultural markets with the three subsidy programs. |
Negative things about the federal govenment's farm policies include: | They are econcomically inefficent and misallocating resources. |
Good things about the federal govenment's farm policies include: | They are not as badas the farm policies of other cointries and they don't work. |
When the government of developed cointries subsidize their farmers: | Production of farm products increase and prices fall. |