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Dentistry
special topics
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| orthodontics | studies the way in which teeth meet each other |
| occlusion | normal position of the teeth when the jaws are closed |
| mesocephalic breeds | well proportioned skull width and maxillary length; Dalmations, Labs & German Shepherds |
| Dolichocephalic breeds | narrow skull and long maxilla; sight hounds and siamese cats |
| Brachycephalic Breeds | wide skull with a short maxilla; boxers, bulldogs, and persian cats |
| "scissor" occlusion in dogs | lower canine tooth occludes in the front of the upper canine -no incisor or canine tooth surface should touch |
| Carnassial teeth | "Shearing Teeth"; upper fourth premolar tooth and the lower first premolar |
| "Scissor" occlusion in cats | upper incisors and canine slightly overlapping the lower incisors and canines slightly overlapping the lower incisors and canines |
| Malocclusion | abnormality in the position of the teeth -more common in brachycephalic breeds -more common in dogs |
| Skeletal malocclusion | results from jaw length and/or width discrepancy (usually inherited) |
| Dental malocclusion | results from tooth malpositioning |
| Mandibular Prognathism | "underbite" or "undershot jaw" -lower jaw is normal length, but upper jaw is too short -normally in brachycephalic breeds such as bulldogs, pekingese, boston terriers, pugs, and persian cats |
| mandibular brachygnathism | "overshot jaw" "overbite" "parrot mouth" -mandible is shorter than normal and dog had an "overbite" -German Shepherd Dogs, Rottweilers, Collies, Standard Poodles, and Dachshunds |
| Wry mouth | upper and lower right and left quadrant of the moputh is independent of the other -uneven growth which produces a wry occlusion (wry bite) -triangular opening(open bite) will appear in incisor area where affected incisors do not meet |
| Anterior crossbite | "Reverse Scissor" -most common malocclusion in veterinary dentistry -upper incisor teeth are caudal to lower. -most common in medium or large breed dogs. -skeletal or dental malocclusion |
| treatment for "reverse Scissor" | orthodontic movement (braces) or extraction of the abnormal teeth |
| Posterior Crossbite | mandible is wider than the maxilla in the carnassial tooth area -occasionally in boxers, collies, othe dolichocephalic breeds -professional prophylaxis will be needed |
| retained deciduous teeth | most common dental problem in small animal practice -mandibular canines, upper canins, and incisors -extraction almost always necessary |
| Deciduous v permanent teeth | permanent incisors lingual to the deciduous teeth(babies in front) permanent canine teeth lie rostral to deciduous teeth and appear whiter than baby teeth ( babies toward the back) |
| Supernumerary teeth | too many teeth. -10% of dogs and rarely in cats -radiographs differentiate supernumerary from ratained deciduous teeth -no treatment needed unless it causes crowding |
| Oligodontia | "hypodontia" one or more teeth(usually molars or premolars) do not form in dental arcade -usually doesnt cause problems |
| normal depth of the sulcus | dogs: 1-3mm cats: up to 1mm |
| Depth of sulus determined by | periodontal probe |
| periodontics | branch of dentistry concerned with the study and treatment of the periodontium |
| periodontitis | inflammation of the tooth's support -most pets over 5 years old, but can be seen early as 6 months old -four stages |
| most common disease in dogs and cats | periodontitis |
| Plaque | white, slippery film that collects around the gingival sulcus of the tooth -composed of bacteria, food debris, exfoliated cells, salivary glycoproteins |
| Dental calculus (tartar) | mineralized plaque on teeth -brown or yellow deposit -contributes to periodontal disease |
| Gingivitis | inflamed gingiva |
| Stage I Periodontitis | "Gingivitis" reddened gingival tissues, no evidence of attachment loss -halitosis -can occur as early as 7 months old |
| Stage II Periodontitis | "early periodontitis" "advanced gingivitis" inflammation and plaque at free gingival margin with edema present, less than 25% attachment loss -dogs between 1-4 years - |
| Stage IV Periodontitis | "Advanced Periodontal Disease" severe inflammation,attachment loss,deep pocket formation,gum recession,bone loss,pustular discharge,tooth mobility -spontaneously bleeding gums, greater than 50%attachment loss,Grade2,3 mobility single rooted teeth |
| Stage IV Periodontitis treatment | surgical extraction of affected teeth |
| Stage I Periodontitis Treatment | professional dental cleaning |
| Stage II Periodontitis Treatment | scaling, polishing, and home care |
| Stage III Periodontitis | "Established Periodontitis" swelling, inflammation, pocket formation(from attachment loss) |
| Stage III Periodontitis Treatment | merely controllable with therapy |
| Furcations | areas between the roots of multirooted teeth and are indicative of periodontal disease |
| explorer probe | used to grade degree of furcation involvement |
| Class I Furcation | (incipient) less than 1mm. not shown on xray |
| Class II Furcation | (Definite resorption) more than 1mm horizontally into area between the roots |
| Class III Furcation | (through and through) probe passes all the way through furcation. surgery or extraction necessary |
Created by:
Marie11892
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