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Chap. 53 Population

Campbell Biology Chapter 53: Population Ecology

QuestionAnswer
Population A group of individuals of a single species living in the same general area.
Density The number of individuals per unit area or volume.
Dispersion The pattern of spacing among individuals within the boundaries of the population.
Mark-recapture method A sampling technique used to estimate the size of animal populations.
Immigration The influx of new individuals from other areas.
Emigration The movement of individuals out of populations and into other locations.
Territoriality The defense of a bounded physical space against encroachment by other individuals.
Demography The study of the vital statistics of populations and how they change over time.
Life tables Age-specific summaries of the survival pattern of a population.
Survivorship curve A plot of the proportion or numbers in cohort still alive at each age.
Reproductive table An age-specific summary of the reproductive rates in a population; (Fertility schedule).
Zero population growth A period of stability in population size, when additions to the population through births and immigration are balanced by subtractions through deaths and emigration; (ZPG).
Exponential population growth Growth of a population in an ideal, unlimited environment, represented by a J-shaped curve when population size is plotted over time.
Carrying capacity The maximum population size that can be supported by the available resources, symbolized as K.
Logistic population growth Population growth that levels off as population size approaches carrying capacity.
Life history The traits that affect an organism’s schedule of reproduction and survival.
Semelparity Reproduction in which an organism produces all of its offspring in a single event; (Big-bang reproduction).
Iteroparity Reproduction in which adults produce offspring over many years; (Repeated reproduction).
K-selection Selection for life history traits that are sensitive to population density; (Density-dependent selection).
R-selection Selection for life history traits that maximize reproductive success in uncrowded environments; (Density-independent selection).
Density independent Referring to any characteristic that is not affected by population density.
Density dependent Referring to any characteristic that varies with population density.
Population dynamics The study of how complex interactions between biotic and abiotic factors influence variations in population size.
Metapopulation A group of spatially separated populations of one species that interact through immigration and emigration.
Demographic transition In a stable population, a shift from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates.
Age structure The relative number of individuals of each age in a population.
Ecological footprint The aggregate land and water area required by a person, city, or nation to produce all of the resources it consumes and to absorb all of the wastes it generates.
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