click below
click below
Normal Size Small Size show me how
IBUS 300 Exam 3
Exam 3 stack
Question | Answer |
---|---|
What is exchange rate | price of one currency in terms on another |
spot rate notation | to be differentiated from the forward rate what is in the denominator is what you are taking the price of |
bid price | price a dealer is willing to pay you |
ask price | amount the dealer wants you to pay |
arbitrage | opportunity to buy an asset at a low price then sell it at a higher price |
forward market | used by importer/exporter to hedge currency risk |
central bank intervention | central bank can intervene in the FX market to manage exchange rate through supply and demend |
rules of central bank | can add to fx supply or demand cannot directly decrease private supply or demand currency held by the central bank is not part of the money supply |
Law of One Price | in the absence of barriers, the price of a good should be the same everywhere |
Purchasing Power Parity | regarded as the application of LOP in goods and services |
Interest Rate Parity | regarded as the application of LOP in the capital market |
Absolute PPP | same good/basket of goods should have the same price in different market |
Relative PPP | change of exchange rate should equal to the inflation rate differential between 2 countries |
FX Currency exposure | measures how sensitive a firms domestic currency value is to change |
sensitivity | Change in firm value / change in exchange rate |
what exchange rates affect | affects AP and AR value of assets and liabilities competitive position demand for product manufacturing costs |
Types of Exposure | Economic exposure Translation exposure Transaction exposure Operating exposure |
Economic exposure | effect of exchange rate change of firm value |
Translation exposure | effect of exchange rate on consolidated financial statements ( accounting) |
Transaction exposure | passage of time between start and end of a transaction Financial derivatives are the primary means of hedging transaction exposure |
Operating exposure | effect of exchange rate changes on firm cash flows |
Exchange rate "pass-through" | how much of an exchange rate change is reflected int he price |
Hedging | risk management strategy used in limiting or offsetting probability of loss |
Financial Hedging | without derivatives: money market hedging with derivatives: forward market |
Money market hedging | buy certain amount of that foreign currency today and sit on it buy PV today. Invest at the foreign rate, your ivestment will have grown at maturity |
Forward Contract Hedging | if you owe foreign currency, agree to buy in foreign currency by entering into long position. if you are going to receive in foreign currency, agree to sell the foreign currency now by entering into short position |
Currency invoice | firm can shift, share, or diversify |
shift exchange rate risk | invoicing foreign sales in home currency |
share exchange rate risk | by pro-rating currency of the invoice between foreign and home currencies |
diversify exchange rate risk | by using a market basket index |
Match currency AP and AR | produce and/or buy inputs in the same currency where you have sales (BMW) |
Manage debt currency | borrow in currencies with same denomination as revenues |
Diversify product markets | sell in multiple markets |
diversity sources of input | sourcing inputs from different country in different currency |
Bimetallism | before 1875 both gold and silver the least valuable metal would tend to circulate |
Gold standard | 1875-1914 exchange rate between two country's currencies would be determined by their relative gold contents stable ratio when converting currencies automatic adjustment mechanism |
Interwar period | 1915-1944 Exchange rates fluctuated as countries depreciated their currencies |
Bretton Woods system | Gold-dollar standard US fixed value of dollar in terms of gold dollar devaluation |
floating exchange rate system | private supply and demand determine equilibrium no central bank purchase/sales depreciation reduces an overall BoP deficit Appreciation reduces a surplus |
fixed exchange rate system | government declares a target level of the exchange rate central bank invervenes in fx market by buying or selling amount of fx |