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Stack #804286
Social Psyc - The Social Environment
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Who was one of first to stress importance of the environment on individual behavior? | Kurt Lewin |
| Who developed Field Theory? | Kurt Lewin |
| What is Field Theory? | Proposes that every psychological event depends on state of the person and at the same time on the environment, although their relative importance is different in different cases. |
| What is the formula underlying Field Theory? | B = fx(P, E) B = behavior P = person E = physical and social environment |
| What are Lewin's three, and Miller's fourth, type of intraindividual conflict? | 1. Approach-approach conflict 2. Avoidance-avoidance 3. Approach-avoidance 4. Double approach-avoidance |
| What is an approach-approach conflict? | Choose between two equally positive goals. **Easiest one to resolve |
| What is an avoidance-avoidance conflict? | Must choose between two equally negative goals **Difficult to resolve and can lead to indecision, inaction, or removing oneself from situation. |
| What is an approach-avoidance conflict (aka single approach-avoidance)? | When single goal has both positive and negative qualities (eg, better paying job but more stress). When move closer to goal (accept job), avoidance becomes stronger and vice versa. |
| What is a double approach-avoidance conflict? | Must choose between two goals that both have positive and negative qualities (eg, choosing between two grad schools that both have pros and cons). **Usually most difficult to resolve |
| What is the Zeigarnik effect? | Memory tends to be better for uncompleted tasks than for completed tasks because uncompleted tasks create "psychic tension" |
| What has research on crowding demonstrated? | 1. Little-to-no impact on simple tasks but adversely affects performance on complex tasks 2. Physical and mental health prob 3. Poor academic performance 4. Juvenile delinquency 5. Higher mortality |
| When do people prefer crowding? | Football games, rock concerts, and similar events, when viewing arousing, attention-grabbing movies |
| What contributes to the effects of crowding? | 1. Perception of control 2. Feel less stress when forewarned 3. Distracted by other events 4. Individual's need for personal space |
| Crowding enhances...? | Makes positive experiences moreso and negative experiences more unpleasant |
| Violations of personal space produce...? | 1. Anxiety 2. Irritability 3. Increased aggression 4. Reduced helping behavior |
| Who requires more personal space? | 1. Americans 2. People with low self-esteem 3. People high in authoritarianism 4. Men |
| Lewin's field theory predicts that behavior is always a function of the _____ and _____. | person environment (physical and social) |
| Lewin's _____ conflict, the goal has both positive and negative characteristics. | Single approach-avoidance conflict |
| Zeigarnik, one of Lewin's students, is probably best known for the Zeigarnik effect, which proposes that _____. | Memory tends to be better for uncompleted tasks than completed because uncompleted tasks produce psychic tension. |
| Crowding is most likely to adversely affect performance on _____ tasks. | complex |
| According to the density intensity hypothesis, the different effects of crowding are due to the fact that crowding _____ positive experiences and makes unpleasant experiences _____. | enhances more unpleasant |
| The effects of crowding are also moderated by _____. | the amount of personal space needed |
| In general, men require _____ personal space than women, and as a result, tend to act more _____ than women in crowded situations. | more aggressively |
Created by:
kjburcham