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PharmQ2_Test1_QuickD
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Alpha1 | Smooth muscle, EXCITES _VasoCONSTRICTS & CONTRACTS _Ejaculation & Mydriasis (pupils dilate) _Ejaculation |
| Alpha2 | Presynaptic, INHIBITS _DILATES & DEC insulin, NE _Relax GI tract |
| Beta1 | Heart: INC HR, Force, AV conduction, contraction, Renin secretion |
| Beta2 | Lungs, Heart, Smooth m: BronchoDILATE _INC HR, Force, AV conduction, contraction _RELAX some blood vessels,GI tract, bladder wall, uterus _INC glycogenolysis in Liver |
| Beta3 | Fat Cells _Lipolysis |
| D1,D5 | Dopamine receptors that INC cAMP _Renal vascular & beds |
| D2-4 | Dopamine receptors that DEC cAMP _Renal vascular & beds |
| M2 | DEC HR, Conduction |
| M3 | BronchoCONSTRICT INC GLANDS Saliva, Lacrimal, Miosis, Near Vision Accomodation GI & Bladder Contracts, Relax Sphincters INC Gastric Acid secretion Promotes ERECTION |
| M1 | Sweating (PNS) |
| Alpha in general | saliva, mydriasis, nasal vasoCONSTRICT |
| Baroreceptor stimulated by INC pressure and activates Vagus (ACh). Overall effect? | NE release will stimulate Alpha receptors causing vasoCONSTRICTION & Beta1 will INC HR & contraction. Heart SLOWS. |
| Iris Circular Muscle with muscarinic (ACh) | CONTRACT=Miosis (Pupil CONSTRICT) |
| Ciliary Muscle with muscarinic (ACh) | CONTRACT=Shift lens for NEAR Acommodation |
| Ciliary Muscles effect on aqueous outflow with muscarinic (ACh) | INC outflow into canal of Schlemm which will DEC intraocular pressure |
| Radial muscle with alpha receptor stimulation | CONTRACT causes Mydriasis (eyes DILATE) without cycloplegia _DEC intraocular pressure |
| Beta receptor stimulation in the eye | INC intraocular pressure _Beta blockers therefore used to treat glaucoma since will DEC secretion of humor into eye |
| M1,3 | Excitatory adenylate cyclase |
| M2 | Inhibitory adenylate cyclase |
| Agonist that acts on both M & N receptors. Hydrolyzed by AChE | Acetylcholine |
| Agonist Resistant to AChE, does NOT enter brain. MOST GI effect of muscarinic agonist therefore used most. | Bethanechol |
| Agonists resistant to AChE, act on M & N receptors | Carbachol Methacholine |
| Sweat, saliva glands sensitive via this M receptor agonist. Glaucoma Tx w/BLURRED vision (constricts pupil). | Pilocarpine (alkaloid selective for M receptor) |
| Muscarinic agonist selective for M3 | Cevimeline |
| Used to challenge asthma patients for diagnosis by causing INC bronchial secretions. Will DEC vital capacity | METHACholine _Muscarinic Agonist (ACh) |
| MOST effect on GI of muscarinic agonists, MOST used to INC GI motility | Bethanechol: INC tone, secretion, motility |
| MOST effect on bladder of muscarinic agonists (PNS-peeing) | Bethanechol: INC tone, secretion, motility |
| MOST effect on sweat glands of muscarinic agonists (INC sweating) | Pilocarpine |
| Treat post-op abdominal distension | Bethanechol: INC tone, secretion, motility |
| Treat gastric atony | Bethanechol: INC tone, secretion, motility |
| Treat urinary retention & poor emptying. | Bethanechol: INC tone, secretion, motility |
| Post-op or post-partum or chronic myogenic or HYPOtonic bladder | Bethanechol: INC tone, secretion, motility |
| Can INC contraction of detrusor in spinal cord injury patients | Bethanechol: INC tone, secretion, motility |
| Tx of Xerostomia (dry mouth caused by Sjogrens or head/neck radiation) | Pilocarpine: INC saliva Cevimiline: Less side effects |
| Selective M3 agonist that's long lasting and used because LESS side effects for Xerostomia | Cevimiline |
| Tx of saliva, tears, nausea, vomit, diarrhea, headache, vision probs, bronchoSPASM, BRADYcardia, shock by Mushroom (Muscarine poisoning)=overextension of PNS effect | Atropine until eyes dilate Albuterol to reverse bronchoconstriction |
| Reverse bronchoCONSTRICT in muscarinic poisoning | Albuterol |
| Low dose nicotine in brain | Alert, attention |
| High dose nicotine in brain | Tremor, emesis, INC respiration |
| Toxic dose nicotine in brain | Convulsion |
| SNS effects of nicotine in ganglia | HTN Tachycardia alternating w/bradycardia |
| PNS effects of nicotine in ganglia | Nausea, vomit, diarrhea, urine |
| Vomit, convulse, coma, resp arrest, NMJ BLOCK & PARALYSIS, HTN, arrhythmia | Nicotine Toxicity |
| Vomit, convulse, coma, resp arrest, NMJ BLOCK & PARALYSIS, HTN, arrhythmia. Tx? | Nicotine Toxicity _Atropine (will block M receptors) _Anticonvulsants (will DEC seizures) _Respiration (until N-induced paralysis of respiratory mm is reversed) |
| Partial agonist on N receptor that prevents craving from nicotine withdrawal. SE: nausea, vomit, farts, sleep | Varenicline (Chantix) |
| Cholinesterase Inhibitor that ENTERS CNS, for Glaucoma tx or Atropine OD | Physostigmine (carbamate) _Rare use since can cause convulsions & bradycardia. |
| Cholinesterase Inhibitor that does NOT enter CNS. INC bladder motility, reverse neuroBLOCK in SURGERY, Tx Myasthenia, Atony of Bladder & Paralytic Ileus | Neostigmine (carbamate): less commonly used than Bethanechol |
| Reversible short acting Cholinesterase inhibitor. Does NOT enter CNS. | Edrophonium _Must inject |
| Long lasting phosphorylators of AChE thus inhibiting. Become irreversible w/enzyme aging | Organophosphates _Reverse w/2-PAM within 3-4hrs |
| Strong nucleophile @NMJ that causes competition for AChE. Used in treatment of organophosphate poisoning | 2-PAM (Pralidoxime) _Can ITSELF inhibit AChE |
| Effect of AChE inhibitor on blood pressure | No effect since cholinergics do NOT innervate blood vessels. |
| Low concentration of Cholinesterase inhibitor | INC muscle strength: tx of Myasthenia Gravis |
| High concentration of Cholinesterase inhibitor | Twitch, fasciculation, muscle blockade, paralysis |
| Used to tx Alzheimers | Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Donepezil, Rivastigmine, Galatamine, Tacrine (Cognex) _GALaxy's RIVers DONE |
| Dx of Myasthenia gravis(will INC strength) or excess AChE tx(will DEC strength). Very short acting cholinesterase inhibitor. | Edrophonium (Tensilon) |
| Myasthenia Gravis w/Edrophonium(Tensilon) | Strength INC-->Dx |
| Excess AChE tx w/Edrophonium(Tensilon) | Strength DEC-->Dx |
| Long Lasting Glaucoma tx. NOT abosrbed. Organophosphate AChE inhibitor | Echothiophate _Echoes for long glaucoma tx |
| Organophosphate which irreversibly binds AChE inactivating it. May be inhaled, absorbed thru skin, ingested. ENTERS CNS, very toxic | DFP |
| Nerve gases more potent than DFP | Soman, Sarin, Tabun |
| Thiophosphate pesticides that are lipid soluble. Inactivated by mammals so safer pesticide. | Malathion |
| Thiophosphate pesticides that are lipid soluble. Caused MANY poisonings therefore taken off market. | Parathion |
| MOST commonly used for tx of glaucoma | Muscarinic Agonist: Pilocarpine or Carbachol |
| Besides muscarinic agonists you may use this DIRECTLY in the eye | Cholinesterase Inhibitor: Physostigmine or Echothiophate(long-term) |
| What is sometimes used for glaucoma tx in closed-angle until surgery? | Combo of direct agonist (pilocarpine, carbachol) w/cholinesterase inhibitor (physostigmine) |
| For increased GI/Urinary which is more commonly used: Neostigmine or Bethanechol? | Bethanechol |
| Weakness & fatigue worsened w/exercise. Small mm of head/neck/extremities caused by ab's to ACh receptors | Myasthenia Gravis Tx: Neostigmine, Pyridostigmine, Ambenonium |
| Weakness & fatigue worsened w/exercise. Small mm of head/neck/extremities caused by ab's to ACh receptors is Myasthenia Gravis. Tx | Neostigmine Pyridostigmine Ambenonium |
| Weakness & fatigue worsened w/exercise. Small mm of head/neck/extremities caused by ab's to ACh receptors is Myasthenia Gravis. How do you determine dosing? | Edrophonium _If too much is given pt's may become weak again. |
| How can you reverse a non-depolarizing blockade that is used during surgery to paralyze muscles? | Cholinesterase Inhibitors like Neostigmine |
| Saliva, Lacrimal, Urination, Defecation, Gastric Distress & Emesis all caused by reaction to this. See BRADYcardia & HYPOtension. | AChE Inhibitor Toxicity _Neuromuscular stimulation followed by blockade |
| Saliva, Lacrimal, Urination, Defecation, Gastric Distress & Emesis all caused by reaction to this. See BRADYcardia & HYPOtension. Tx? | Give ATROPINE until pupils dilate. Keep respiration & use valiums for convulsions. All caused by AChE inhibitor poisoning. |
| Sevin, Baygon & Temik can all cause this | Carbamate AChE poisoning with sx similar to organophosphates. |
| Anti-muscarinic (cholinergic) that enters CNS only at high doses. Can be combined with an opioid for diarrhea. At high doses causes CNS stimulation followed by depression. Can cause confusion & coma | Atropine _With Opioid=Lomotil for diarrhea |
| Anti-muscarinic (cholinergic) that enters CNS very easily. Given transdermally for motion sickness. Used for pre-anesthesia to dry up secretions. | Scopolamine _Euphoria, sedation, amnesia, drowsy |
| Very short duration anti-muscarinic used to DILATE eye | Homatropine, Tropicamide |
| Anti-muscarinic inhaled for asthma, COPD. Does NOT enter CNS since quartenary. | Ipraptropium(Atrovent) Tiotropium(Spiriva) |
| Anti-muscarinic used for overactive bladder or after prostate surgery. | Tolterodine (Detrol) |
| At toxic doses this anti-muscarinic causes hallucinations, agitation and coma | Scopolamine |
| Blocks iris sphincter & pupils dilated. Cannot focus (inhibited ciliary m) & photophobia. May have narrow angle glaucoma, dry eyes. | Effects of anti-muscarinic on eye (Tropicamide or Homatropine) |
| Most common anti-muscarinic used in eye to dilate since short duration of 6hrs | Tropicamide |
| Decrease in vagal tone(babies/elderly) will do what to heart rate? | Increase heart rate |
| Increase in vagal tone will do what to heart rate?? | Decrease heart rate |
| Effect vagal tone but have very little effect on the ventricles | Anti-muscarinics _Babies/elderly w/small vagal tone will have little effect |
| Can block vasodilation caused by NO release in response to muscarinic agonists. Useful after muscarinic poisoning. | Anti-muscarinics |
| Vasodilation in the face caused by this overdose (to decrease heat) | Atropine |
| Useful in ACUTE asthma attacks & COPD | Ipratropium(Atrovent), Tiotropium(Spiriva) Anti-muscarinics |
| DEC secretions and causes sedation. Once given before inhalation anesthesia | Scopolamine Anti-Muscarinic |
| Selective M3 antagonist used to treat overactive bladder | Tolterodine (Detrol) (anti-muscarinic) |
| Selective M antagonist used to treat overactive bladder. NOT Tolterodine(Detrol) | Darifenacin, Solifenacin _Anti-muscarinics |
| Used to prevent bladder spasm after prostate surgery | Oxybutynin, Trospium _Anti-muscarinics |
| Why should you worry about prescribing an anti-muscarinic (atropine, scopolamine, etc) for someone with benign prostatic hyperplasia? | May cause urinary retention |
| Dry mouth and dry eyes is a common side effect of this drug | Anti-muscarinics (like Atropine, Scopolamine) |
| Anti-spasmodic used in GI | Dicylomine Anti-muscarinic |
| Used to DEC GI side effects from AChE inhibitors in Myasthenia Gravis | Anti-muscarinics (like Atropine, Scopolamine) |
| Used after MI caused by excess Vagal stimulation and/or reverse heart block. | Atropine (anti-muscarinic) to INC HR |
| Used in surgery to prevent EXCESS vagal reflexes | Glycopyrrolate (Anti-muscarinic) |
| Used in COPD to cause bronchoDILATION. | Ipatropium (Atrovent) Tiotropium (Spiriva) _Antimuscarinics |
| M3 Antagonist used for overactive bladder that may cause dry mouth or blurred vision | Tolterodine (Detrol) _Fesoterodine (Toviaz) _Darifenacin (Enablex) _Solifenacin (Vesicare) |
| Used post-surgery to decrease bladder spasm after prostate surgery, side effect dry mouth | Oxybutynin (Ditropan) _Trospium (Sanctura) |
| Used in adjunct therapy for Parkinson's sx when DA replacement not enough. Will reverse extrapyramidal effects of antipsychotics. | Scopolamine _Anti-muscarinic |
| Contraindications for scopolamine use | Narrow Angle Glaucoma Benign Prostate Hyperplase (cause urine retention) |
| Dry as a bone, blind as a bat, red as a beet, mad as a hatter | Atropine (anti-muscarinic) OD _Tx: Supportive & Physostigmine for CNS effect |
| Tx of cholinergic agonist or AChE inhibitor toxicity | Give Atropine until eyes dilate & mouth dry. |
| Used in surgery to relax muscle starting with small mm, ending in respiratory. HIGHLY ionized | Non-Depolarizing Block (reversed by AChE inhibitors: Neostigmine) _Tubocurarine |
| Causes transient mm twitch before paralyzing. Lasts 5-10 minutes. After tx may cause mm soreness from twitching, INC intragastric pressure, emesis, | Succinylcholine _Depolarizing Block _metabolized by pseudocholinesterase |
| Side-effect of succinylcholine usually seen w/denervated mm or burns. | HYPERkalemia caused by nicotinic stimulation. Causes CARDIAC ARREST. |
| Malignant hyperthermia may be caused by this depolarizing block | Halothane |
| Extensive soft tissue damage, severe burns, nontraumatic rhabdomylosis, quadriplegia, paraplegia, muscular dystropy & kids under 8 at risk when taking this. | Succinylcholine |
| Inhaled anesthestics, aminoglycoside abx, tetracyclines, Ca2+ channel blockers can all enhance this | NMJ Blockade |
| Aging with NMJ Blockade use | Decreased clearance therefore use less |
| Severe burns & UMN disease with NMJ blocks | resistant to NON-depolarizing blocks but HYPERkalemia occurs w/succinylcholine |
| Surgery, ventilation, orthopedics, intubation, ECT to prevent m spasms use this. | NMJ Block like succinylcholine |
| Blocks nicotinic receptors at ALL ganglia to DEC total autonomic output. NONdepolarizing competitive anatagonist. | Ganglion receptor blockers _Hexamethonium _Mecamylamine |
| How might denervation effect indirect acting adrenergic drugs? | Will abolish their effects. |
| How might denervation effect Direct acting adrenergic drugs? | Will enhance their effects. |
| Alpha 1 Agonist: Excitatory Smooth muscle, EXCITES & relax GI _VasoCONSTRICTS & CONTRACTS | Phenylephrine |
| Alpha 2 Agonist: Inhibitory _DILATES, DEC BP, Platelets aggregate, DEC insulin, INHIB ACh release in GI | Clonidine |
| Beta 1 agonist to INC HR/AV/force/contraction | Dobutamine |
| Beta 2 agonist to bronchoDILATE, relax uterus, bladder, GI, INC glyocgenolysis/gluconeogenesis, K+uptake | Albuterol |
| D1 receptors | Dilate RENAL blood vessels for INC flow |
| Needed for ejaculation | Alpha receptors (SNS) via NE/Epi |
| Causes DEC in diastolic pressure by dilating blood vessels in skeletal m | Beta2 agonist (albuterol) |
| Short action, causes vasoCONSTRICTION at infusion site to REVERSE HYPOtension. Will cause necrosis if poor blood flow | Norepinephrine_INC BP -Will NOT change cardiac output |
| Increases systolic BP(vasoCONSTRICT) via alpha and beta1(high dose) & will decrease diastolic BP(VasoDILATE) via beta2(low dose) | Epinephrine _Pulse pressure INC, mean pressure has NO change |
| How would you reverse an epinephrine effect | Alpha block since acts on alpha receptors |
| Prevention of INC heart rate | Beta Blockers "olol" |
| Used to decrease diffusion of injected drugs (local anesthetics) | Epinephrine _Alpha/Beta agonist |
| Used to restore BP, bronchoDILATE, DEC angioedema, reverse cardio collapse in Anaphylactic shock | Epinephrine _Alpha/Beta agonist |
| Used in cardiac arrest and complete heart block | Epinephrine _Alpha/Beta agonist |
| Releases NE & stimulates alpha/beta receptors to bronchoDILATE, CNS stimulant. Used in herbal weight loss but can cause INC BP, stroke, death. | Ephedra |
| Used as decongestant, dilate eyes (mydriasis) or for Hypotensive emergencies. Be careful of REBOUND EFFECT. | Alpha Agonists: Phenylephrine/Pseudoephedrine |
| Topical spray/oral used to INC BP | Phenylephrine Alpha Agonist |
| Topical nasal spray that alpha antagonist (decongestant) | Xylometazoline Oxymetazoline _Careful of rebound effect when used chronically |
| Used to treat underactive bladder, myasthenia gravis, reverse effects of NON-depolarizing blocks, does NOT cross BBB | Neostigmine |
| CANNOT be reversed by Neostigmine(only works on NON-depolarizing blocks) | Succinylcholine (depolarizing) |
| Which of the following effects occurs following stimulation of beta1 receptors | Increased heart rate and force of cardiac contraction |
| A scientist is testing the effect of a drug on blood pressure. Systolic pressure goes up, and diastolic pressure goes down. Heart rate is increased. What is the drug most likely to be | Epinephrine (Adrenalin) |
| Which of the following drugs causes vasoconstriction, mydriasis, and is an effective nasal decongestant | Phenylephrine (Neo-Synephrine) |
| A patient taking propranolol (Inderal) on a regular basis has a severe ellergic reaction and is given epinephrine (Adrenalin). What will the dominant effect of epinephrine now be in this patient | Hypertension |
| Dopamine (Intropin) does what | Produces vasodilation in renal vascular beds |
| Drug which selectively stimulates beta1receptors, frequently used in cardiac stress tests to increase force of contraction of the heart | Dobutamine (Dobutrex) |
| Phentolamine (Regitine) | Causes tachycardia because it blocks both alpha1 and alpha2 receptors |
| Drug which is used for treatment of hypertension, less likely to cause reflex tachycardia due to selectivity for alpha1 receptors | Prazosin (Minipres) |
| Selective for the alpha1A receptor subtype. less likely to cause postural hypotension | Tamsulosin (Flomax) |
| Propranolol (Inderal) | Will inhibit glycogenolysis in the liver |
| All of the following are uses for propranolol (Inderal) EXCEPT | Treatment of asthma |
| Used in the eye for treatment of glaucoma, but may cause bronchoconstriction in asthmatics if absorbed | Timolol (Timoptic) |
| Metoprolol (Lopressor) is | A beta1 selective antagonist |
| A patient undergoing surgery was given a short-acting drug that must be administered by injection. The drug was used to decrease heart rate and force of contraction. What is the drug most likely to be | Esmolol (Brevibloc) |
| Drug which blocks both beta1 and beta2 receptors, as well as alpha1 receptors; used for emergency treatment of hypertension | Labetalol (Normodyne) |
| Will cause an increase in heart rate with a decrease in blood pressure, as well as bronchodilation | Isoproterenol (Isuprel) |
| Amphetamine (Dexedrine) | Causes the release of newly synthesized norepinephrine from nerve terminals |
| Carteolol (Ocupress) is | A beta antagonist with intrinsic sympathomimetic activity (ISA) |
| Peripheral vasodilation will evoke | Reflex tachycardia |
| Increasing vagal tone in the heart will result in | Decreased heart rate |
| Inhibition of the following presynaptic receptor will increase transmitter release from an adrenergic nerve terminal | Alpha2 adrenergic |
| Drug commonly used for treatment of urinary retention | Bethanechol (Urecholine) |
| A 45 year-old-man has been diagnosed with myasthenia gravis. He is treated with a drug that does not corss the blood brain barrier. What is the drug most likely to be | Neostigmine (Prostigmin) |
| A 45 year-old-man with myasthenia gravis starts to become weaker after 2 years of treatment. He is tested with a drug that increases his muscle strength temporarily (about 15 minutes). Which combination of drug: mechanism is correct regarding this case | Edrophonium (Tensilon): short-acting cholinesterase inhibitor |
| A 44 year-old farm worker comes to the emergency room with vomiting, diarrhea, salivation, sweating, bronchoconstriction, and constricted pupils. What statment about this case is most likely to be CORRECT | Organophosphate poisoning has occurred; prilidoxime (PAM) within 3 hours prevents enzyme aging |
| This drug selectively blocks M3 receptors and is used to treat overactive bladder | Tolterodine (Detrol) |
| Drug that causes considerable sweating and salivation when given orally | Pilocarpine (Pilocar) |
| Which of the following effects is most likely to occur with a low therapeutic dose of atropine | Dry mouth and decreased sweating |
| A patient with asthma is given a drug that is instilled into the eye. After application of the drug, her pupil is dilated, her near vision is blurred, and she has difficulty adapting to light. What is the drug most likely to be | Atropine |
| Beta blocker with intrinsic sympathomimetic activity (ISA) | Pindolol (Visken) |
| Which of the following drugs would decrease heart rate as well as peripheral resistance | Carvedilol (Coreg) |
| Potentially lethal side effect of beta blockers | Bronchoconstriction in asthmatics |
| Beta receptor blocking drug preferentially used for treatment of glaucoma | Timolol (Timpotic) |
| Effect of propranolol (Inderal) that would be seen when taken on an acute basis | Decreased cardiac output |
| Increases cardiac contractility without substantial increase in heart rate | Dobutamine (Dobutrex) |
| Increases cardiac output and heart rate, as well as both systolic and diastolic pressure | Norepinephrine (Levophed) |
| Esmolol (Brevibloc) differs from other beta natagonists in regard to its | Half-life |
| Tachycaradia, but not hypotension, produced by isoproterenol (Isuprel) can be blocked by | Metoprolol (Lopressor) |
| Drug most likely to cause reflex tachycardia | Phenotolamine (Regitine) |
| Drug which provides long acting control of blood pressure in pheochromocytoma | Phenoxybenzamine (Dibenzyline) |
| Patients taking prazosin (Minipress) complain about | Nasal congestion |
| Immediate treatment of anaphylactic shock | Epinephrine (Adrenalin) |
| Best drug to improve urine flow in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) | Tamsulosin (Flomax) |
| Which of the following drugs is used mainly as a nasal decongestant | Phenylephrine (NeoSynephrine) |
| Binding of two molecules of agonist to this receptor opens a Na+ channel | Nicotine receptor |
| A drug causes fade in the train of four, and post-tetanic potentiation can be observed. The drug is probably a | Non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent |
| A patient is given pilocarpine (Isoptocarpine) to use in the eye. Which of the following effects is NOT likely to occur | Dilation of the pupil |
| This drug causes a short-acting paralysis, that is not reversed with neostigmine (Prostigmin): | Succinylcholine |
| Never use this in narrow angle glaucoma or HTN | Topical Alpha Antagonists (Tetrahydrozoline & Naphazoline) |
| Used to get the red out | Topical Alpha Antagonists (Tetrahydrozoline & Naphazoline) _Never use in narrow angle glaucoma or HTN patients |
| DEC peripheral resistance, BP, HR. Selective for Alpha 2. Tx of HTN, craving, hot flashes, pre-anesthesia. | Clonidine |
| Severe HTN if withdrawn too quickly when you use this to treat hot flashes, craving, pre-anesthesia & HTN | Clonidine (alpha2 agonist) |
| Methyldopa, Guanbenz, Guanfacine | Alpha 2 Agonists used to treat HTN |
| Apraclonidine & Brimonidine | Alpha 2 Agonists used to treat glaucoma |
| Tizanidine | Muscle relaxant (Alpha2 agonist) |
| Inc HR, contraction & vasoDILATION. DEC BP & CO will increase. Used for ER tx of cardiac arrest, heart block, ER asthma | Isoproterenol (brief but large doses may cause palpitations/tachycardia/arrhythmia) |
| Selective beta1 agonist used for stress test, echo to INC HR | Dobutamine |
| Will increase CO in shock & CHF. Selective beta 1 agonist | Dobutamine |
| Relax uterus in premature labor, headache main side effect. Beta2 agonist. | Ritrodine |
| Inhaled for asthma tx. Beta 2 agonist. May cause tremor, tachycardia, palpitations, headache | Albuterol |
| Terbutaline, Pirbuterol, Bitolterol, Salmeterol | Asthma Tx via Beta 2 agonist |
| D1 agonist used to treat cardiac shock WITHOUT vasoCONSTRICT. Will vasodilate renal beds instead. | Dopamine _Can INC BP |
| SELECTIVE D1 Agonist used to dilate vascular beds to DEC BP. | Fenoldopam |
| Release of NE in brain to INC tremors, tachycardia, HTN, alert, euphoria, motor activity, psychosis | Amphetamine |
| Inhibits reuptake of DA/NE indirectly to give effects similar to amphetamine. HTN/psychosis may occur. Used to DEC local blood flow & local anesthesia | Cocaine |
| Indirect acting, will release NE from terminals & displace to form Octopamine. Repeated application causes rapid breathing. If injected or MAO blocked, causes severe HTN | Tyramine |
| If alpha blocked, what will dominate? | Beta |
| If beta blocked, what will dominate? | Alpha |
| Will cause reflex tachycardia when block this receptor (DEC Vagal input) | Alpha |
| Will cause postural HYPOtension when block this vein receptor | Alpha 1 |
| Blocking this receptor will allow more stimulation of Epi to beta causing a DEC in BP but an INC in HR | Alpha block |
| Competitive alpha antagonist which DEC peripheral resistance & BP (diastolic mostly). Causes INC HR via baroreceptor reflex & beta stimulation. Used for HYPERtensive crisis in pheochromocytoma or MAO inhibitors. | Phentolamine (alpha blocker) |
| Prevents necrosis after local injection of alpha agonists. | Phentolamine (alpha blocker) |
| IRREVERSIBLE alpha block that likeley causes tachycardia but used in pheochromocytoma. Side effects include postural hypotension, tachycardia, congest | Phenoxybenzamine (alpha blocker) |
| Sudden onset severe HTN, tachycardia, arrhythmia caused by tumor release of NE/Epi | Pheochromocytoma _Tx: Phenoxybenzamine (alpha blocker) then surgery OR Phentolamine if CRISIS |
| Alpha1 selective antagonist to DEC peripheral resistance, venous return, preload on heart. Good for lipids. For BPH or HTN. | Prazosin (Minipress) |
| Similar to Prazosin. Alpha antagonists for BPH/HTN to DEC vascular resistance. Have 1st dose phenomenon | Terazosin, Doxazosin |
| Postural HYPOtension/syncope after 1st dose therefore lie down to take. | Side effect of Terazosin, Doxazosin _1st Dose Phenom |
| Side effect of Terazosin, Doxazosin | 1st Dose Phenom Orthostatic HYPOtension (more severe w/Viagra) |
| Alpha1a selective in prostate for men with postural HYPOtension caused by other alpha blockers. May cause difficulty ejaculation | Tamsulosin (alpha antagonist) |
| Alpha1b block in blood vessels for men with postural HYPOtension caused by other alpha blockers. May cause difficulty ejaculation | Tamsulosin (alpha antagonist) |
| Blocks alpha2 receptors to INC NE/BP/HR/tremors/motor activity. Natural viagra | Yohimbine |
| Short term causes DEC CO, peripheral resistance will INC. Long term resistance will return to normal. | Beta Blocker |
| Used for glaucoma to lower intraocular pressure in eye. NEVER use directly in eye since can cause corneal burn. | Beta blockers |
| INHIBITS glycogenolysis which can mask symptoms of HYPOglycemia in insulin-dependent diabetics making it harder to recover. | Beta Blockers _Less effect IF BETA1 Selective |
| Compet BETA antagonist that DEC HR, contraction, renin, lipolysis, glycogenolysis. Used as local anesthetic, improves angina, antiarrhythmic. Tx CHF to improve survival. Can DEC HR in hyperthyroid, prevent migraine, DEC portal v pressure,DEC stage fright. | Propranolol |
| Cimetidine can interfere with this drug to INC antiHTN effect & slow heart via CytP450 | Propranolol |
| Calcium channel blockers + propranolol | Additive Effect |
| Beta blocker used in eye to tx glaucoma, careful w/asthmatics. | Timolol |
| Long acting beta blocker with little CNS effect | Nadolol |
| Antiarrhythmic beta blcoker | Sotalol |
| SELECTIVE Beta 1 Blockers used to effect heart and DEC HR, BP. Tx of HTN, post-MI, migraine prevention. Better for EXCERCISE tolerance & DM patients since specific. | Atenolol Bisoprolol Metoprolol |
| May be a safer beta blocker in eye than Timolol because causes less bronchoconstriction | Betaxolol |
| HIGHLY Beta-1 SELECTIVE to vasodilate (NO release) to DEC BP | Nebivolol (Bystolic) |
| Very SHORT acting beta-1 SELECTIVE blocker given IV for short tx time | Esmolol (Brevibloc) |
| NON-Selective Beta Block with ISA used to tx glaucoma | Carteolol |
| NON-Selective Beta Block with ISA (I See Pins, Pens, Carts) for HTN/Angina | ISA: Pindalol, Penbutolol, Carteolol |
| BETA-1 Selective block with ISA for HTN/Angina | Acebutolol |
| Blocks both alpha/beta. Alpha1 block will DEC peripheral resistance, while beta1 block will keep HR down & prevent tachycardia | Carvedilol Labetalol |
| Used for IV Hypertensive ER. Blocks both alpha/beta. Alpha1 block will DEC peripheral resistance, while beta1 block will keep HR down & prevent tachycardia | Labetalol _May cause liver issues |
| Used in CHF, post MI. Blocks both alpha/beta. Alpha1 block will DEC peripheral resistance, while beta1 block will keep HR down & prevent tachycardia | Carvedilol |
| DOC for glaucoma | Prostaglanin Analogs (Xalatan) _beta blockers commonly used (Tiimolol) |
| Will DEC intraocular fluid production in glaucoma | Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor Diuretics |
| Alpha agonists used for glaucoma tx | Apraclonidine Brimonidine |
| Cholinergic agonist used for narrow glaucoma tx that acts on muscarinic receptors | Pilocarpine _Can effect vision by constricting pupil/affecting accomodation. |
| Cholinergic agonist used for narrow glaucoma tx that stimulates M AND N receptors | Carbachol _Can effect vision by constricting pupil/affecting accomodation. |
| Inhibit acetylcholinesterase activity to tx narrow glaucoma | Demecarium Echothiophate Physostigmine _Can effect vision by constricting pupil/affecting accomodation. |
| Inhibits NE release from n terminals to tx glaucoma. No longer used since SEVERE side effects like postural HYPOtension, DEC flow. | GuanETHIDINE |
| Initially used for glaucoma, DEC uptake/storage of NE in vesicles to deplete NE/DA/5HT stores to DEC BP. Will cause depression, sedation, parkinson's sx. | Reserpine |
| Used in tx of pheochromocytoma if alpha blockers cannot control BP by inhibiting synthesis of DA, NE, Epi by blocking Tyrosine Hydroxylase | Metyrosine |
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