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National Judiciary
AP GOPO Chapter 14 Vocabulary
| Word | Definition |
|---|---|
| Inferior Court | any court other than the Supreme Court |
| Amicus Curiae brief | A brief submitted by a “friend of the court.” |
| Rule of Four | a practice that permits four of the nine justices to grant a writ of certiorari. |
| Jurisdiction | is the practical authority granted to a formally constituted legal body or to a political leader to deal with and make pronouncements on legal matters and, by implication, to administer justice within a defined area of responsibility. |
| Exclusive Jurisdiction | where one court has the power to adjudicate a case to the exclusion of all other courts. |
| Concurrent Jurisdiction | where two or more courts from different systems simultaneously have jurisdiction over a specific case. |
| Plaintiff | The party that initiates a lawsuit. |
| Petitioner | One who presents a formal, written application to a court, officer, or legislative body that requests action on a certain matter. |
| Defendant | The person defending or denying; the party against whom relief or recovery is sought in an action or suit, or the accused in a criminal case. |
| Original Jurisdiction | The authority of a tribunal to entertain a lawsuit, try it, and set forth a judgment on the law and facts. |
| Appellate Jurisdiction | The jurisdiction which a superior court has to bear appeals of causes which have been tried in inferior courts. |
| Senatorial Courtesy | A tradition under which the senate will defer to the judgment of a senator of the President's party when when determining the stability of candidates for federal judgeships from the senator's state. |
| Criminal Law | A body of rules and statutes that defines conduct prohibited by the government because it threatens and harms public safety and welfare and that establishes punishment to be imposed for the commission of such acts. |
| Civil Law | the branch of law dealing with disputes between individuals or organizations, in which compensation may be awarded to the victim. |
| Docket | the official summary of proceedings in a court of law. |
| Writ Of Certiorari | An order by a higher court directing a lower court to send up a case for review. |
| Certificate | A written document that is official verification that a condition or requirement has, or has not, been met. |
| Majority Opinion | a judicial opinion agreed to by more than half of the members of a court. |
| Precedent | a principle or rule established in a legal case that a court or other judicial body may apply when deciding subsequent cases with similar issues or facts. |
| Concurring Opinion | A signed opinion in which one or more members agree with the majority view but for different reasons. |
| Dissenting Opinion | A signed opinion in which one or more justices disagree with the majority view. |
| Judicial Activism | The view that judges should discover the general principles underlying the Constitution, and apply them to cases. |
| Solicitor general | An individual who represents the federal government before the Supreme Court. |
| Judicial Restraint | The view that judges should decide cases strictly on the basis of the language of the laws and the Constitution. |
| Stare decisis | “Let the decision stand,” or allowing prior rulings to control the current case. |
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