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EEG registration
flash cards to help get your EEG registration
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| the basic unit for measuring current | ampere |
| the basic unit of resistance | ohm |
| ohms law | R=E/I, I=E/R, E=IR |
| frequency is measured in? | hertz or cycles per second |
| this stores electrical energy | capacitor |
| a circuit that allows some frequencies to pass through it, while otheres are blocked is a? | filter |
| a combination of electronic components designed to increase the power, voltage, or current of a signal | amplifier |
| a small fluctuating output recorded by the EEG instrument even when there is no input signal is called? | noise |
| the EEG amplifier is designed so that when input 1 is more negative than input 2, the deflection will be? | upward |
| the characteristic of an amplifier that rejects external interference is? | common mode rejection |
| what is the time required for the pen to fall to 67% of the peak deflection? | time constant |
| describd the phase change seen when comparing a recording using a low frequency filter of 1 Hz to one using a low frequency filter of 5 Hz. | fast waves are maximally affected; they shift to the right. |
| the filters creating a very narrow bandpass that should rarely be used clinically are? | LF 5.0 Hz and HF 15 Hz |
| during the recording of cerebral activity, the calibration input voltage is changed from 50 uV to 100 uV. this will result in? | no effect on the activity being recorded. |
| a spike, measuring 16 mm peak-to-peak, is recorded at a sensitivity of 10uV/mm. what is the voltage of the spike? | 160 uV |
| what input voltage is necessary to give a calibration deflection between 5 and 1 mm if the sensitivity is 30 uV/mm? | 200 uV |
| a record has alpha activity at a rate of 10 per second. how many of these waves will occur in 30mm of paper at a slow paper speed of 15 mm/sec? | 20 |
| what need adjusting when there is unequal spacing between lines of the various channels with the amplifiers in the off or standby position? | electrical baseline |
| the best metals for clinical EEG recording are? | silver-silver chloride, platinum and gold. |
| the distance from Cz to Pz is 6.8 cm. what is the distance from nasion to inion? | 34 cm |
| the electrode site 1 cm above one 1/3 the distance from the left external auditory meatus to the left outer canthus is called? | T1 |
| due to a central scalp lesion, C4 has been relocated 4 mm anteriorly. the technologist should? | relocate C3 4 mm anteriorly |
| in a referential montage, how is the origin of a potential determined? | amplitude |
| a patient can become the pathway of least resistance and therefore electrically susceptible to shock when? | not all equipment attached to the patient is connected to a common ground |
| eye leads placed at the outer canthus of each eye will record? | mainly horizontal eye movement |
| what are some examples of physiological artifact? | perspiration, glossokinetic response, eye movement |
| what are some things that may cause 60 Hz interference? | other equipment in the room, faulty ground connection, defects in the power supply |
| when recording for electrocerebral inactivity (ECI), the interelectrode distance should be at least? | 10 cm |
| when recording for ECI, interelectrode impedances should be at least____ohms, but less than _____ ohms. | 100, 10,000 |
| when recording for ECI, it is recommended that the sensitivity be____ uV/mm and the low filter should not be higher than ____ Hz for at least 30 minutes of the recording. | 2, 1.0 |
| the tracts connecting the right and left hemispheres are called the? | corpus callosum |
| the central sulcus ( fissure of rolando) demarcates the ? | frontal and parietal lobes |
| the homunculus is a? | representaion of the motor and sensory cortex of the brain |
| the diencephalon is composed of? | hypothalmus and thalmus |
| the midbrain, pons, and medulla comprise the? | brain stem |
| where is the sella turcica located? | in the middle ear |
| what are 2 important functions of the medulla? | respiration and regulation of heart rate |
| what is the major sensory nerve of the face ? | the trigeminal nerve |
| where does a subarachnoid hemorrage occur? | between the first and second meninges |
| the cardiovascular and respiratory centers for automatic control of heart rate and respiration are found in the? | medulla |
| thrombosis of the anterior cerebral artery is most likely to cause? | contralateral lower extermity weakness |
| thrombosis of the right middle cerebral artery would most likely cause? | left sided paralysis, primarily of the face and arm |
| what is the opening between lateral ventricles and third ventricle of the brain. | foramen of munro |
| an action potential is an immediate result of what changes in the neuronal membrane? | depolarization |
| the resting potential of a neuron is? | 50-100 mV with the inside of the cell more negative than the outside. |
| if a seizure discharge causes the wave forms in the channels to square off and run into each other, what should be done? | the sensitivity should be decreased (from 7 uV/mm to 10, 15uV/mm) |
| inflammation of the covering of the brain ofrspinal cord is called? | meningitis |
| a malignant tumor primarily seen in children may be? | medulloblastoma |
| the most common symptoms of which type of head injury area a temporary loss of consciousness, followed by confusion, sever headache, and possibly amnesia for the accident? | concussion |
| which infection is most likely to produce headache, fever, nuchal rigidity, coma, and death? | meningitis |
| the "dance-like" movements of the head and extremities may be exhibited in a patient with which hereditary degenerative disease? | huntington's chorea |
| without dietetic treatment, this hereditary disease may cause mental retardation and infantile spasms. | phenylketonuria |
| herniation of the uncus results in compression of which cranial nerve? | third |
| cafe-au-lait spots and neurofibromas are associations with | von recklinghousen's disease |
| substantia nigra is affected in what disorder? | parkinsonism |
| port wine stain is associated with? | sturge-weber syndrome |
| a megabyte of memory is approximately equal to? | one million bytes |
| which of the following conditions is characterized by rigidity, tremors and festination? | parkinson's disease |
| a patient complaining of right hemiplegia will have? | difficulty moving the right half of the body |
| a patient with sensory aphasia will have difficulty? | comprehending the meaning of words or phrases |
| what term is used to describe brainstem injury in a patient who is completely paralyzed except for ventrical eye movements | locked-in-syndrome |
| the term "xanthochromic" is usually used in reference to? | cerebral spinal fluid |
| fasciculation refers to ? | involuntary twitching of muscle fibers |
| the glasgow scale is used to determine? | the patients degree of consciousness |
| wada testing is done to determine? | speech dominance |
| positron emission tomography (PET) is used for? | visualizing the metabolism of the brain |
| this test is useful in the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis, pontine angle tumors, coma and brain death? | brainstem auditory evoked potential |
| QRS complex refers to? | ventricular excitation of the myocardium |
| when performing an EEG for evaluation of a central nervous system disease that may have infectious etiology, the technologist should? | observe universal precautions |
| the raito of chest compressions to breaths in one person CPR is? | 30:2 |
| normal alpha, in an adult, should NOT be seen? | in the frontal head regions |
| transients int the occipital regions present with visual scanning are? | lambda waves |
| an asymmetry of the occipital alpha rhythm voltage from the two hemispheres should be no great than? | 50% |
| the presence of sleep spindles and V waves in the EEG signals what stage of sleep? | stage 2 |
| a recommended method of monitoring infusion motor artifact from intravenous infusion pumps is the place two electrodes on? | the infusion pump apparatus |
| activation of an absensce seizure is most consistently obtained during? | hyperventilation |
| interictal discharges in patients with complex partial seizures are most likely to be recorded in the EEG during which activation procedure? | during stage 1 sleep |
| when recorded from over or near a burr hole, the EEG may show? | higher amplitude activity over the affected area |
| the international classification of epilepsies and epileptic syndromes places juvenile myoclonic epilepsy under what category? | generalized eplepsies and syndromes |
| the use of nasopharyngeal or T1/T2 electrodes are most helpful in recording epileptiform discharges associated with? | complex partial seizures |
| a family Hx is especially important to determine the diagnosis of? | classic absence seizures |
| the EEG of an aphasic patient who's computed tomography (CT) scan reveals a subdural hematoma is most likely to show? | attenuation of background in the left hemisphere |
| this type of EEG activity most often appears in association with rapidly growing tumors such as glioblastoma multifor"me and verebra metastatic lesions. | spike and wave |
| electrocerebral inactivity is defined no electrical activity great than? | 2.0 uV |
| the triad of cataplexy, sleep paralysis, and hypnagogic hallucinations is seen in? | narcolepsy |
| the purpose of the multiple sleep latency test (MSLT) is to? | quantify the patients sleepiness and identify REM onset |
| what is a beneficial way in evaluating suspected narcolepsy? | Multiple sleep latency test |
| benzpdiazepines such as ativan, at therapeutic levels can cause what on EEG's? | frontal central beta |
| the drug phenytoin (dilantin) will have little effect on the EEG at therapeutic levels, however when approaching toxic levels the drug can cause what EEG change? | a slowing in the background alpha |
| sodium amytat is used for what test? | WADA test |
| increasing depth of anesthesia causes what kind of change in EEG? | increased beta then intermixed theta then delta, with burst suppression if anesthesia is deep enough. |
| aliasing is caused by? | insufficient sampling rate |
| number of data points that are stored to record a signal in each second across time? | horizontal resolution |
| the minimum requirements for a monitor to display EEG accurately are met with monitors that have? | at least 1024 data points across the screen |
| ACNS guidelines 2006 state that vertical scaling on digital EEG instruments should have a minimum of _____ per channel when displaying up to _____ channels. | 10 mm, 21 |
| in a referential montage, with CZ as the reference, what is the most valuable localizing feature? | highest voltage discharge (amplitude) |
| in an EEG instrument, what component transforms alternating current into direct current? | the power supply |
| what kind of amplifiers are used to record biological signals? | differential |
| an EEG instrument's common mode rejection ratio should be? | very high |
| when 60 Hz interference is seen on an EEG recording, what should be checked off first? | the electrode impedance |
| low frequency filters are also known as? | high pass filters |
| a longer time constant results in? | more frequencies recorded. |
| time constant is expressed in? | seconds |
| an organic liquid with a strong odor, used in EEG to dissolve collodion and to remove hair dressings and hair spray from scalp surface | acetone |
| any procedure designed to enhance or elicit normal or abnormal EEG activity, especially paroxysmal activity | activation |
| neonatal sleep pattern equivalent to the REM sleep of adults. | active sleep |
| agent preventing seizures | anitconvulsant |
| any potential difference due to an extracerebral source, recorded in EEG tracings? | artifact |
| toward the tail or feet;inferior | caudal |
| toward the head;superior | cephalad |
| the opposite side | contralateral |
| remote, farthest away | distal |
| vertebral surface of the body; its back aspect; posterior | dorsal |
| the same side | ipsilateral |
| refers to the side | lateral |
| refers to the center | median |
| at the outer surface as opposed to the center | peripheral |
| position of the body when lying face down | prone |
| near; close by | proximal |
| toward the head; same as cephalad | rostral |
| position of the body when lying face up | supine |
| belly surface of the body; its front aspect; anterior | ventral |
| lesions generally leading to diminution of background activities | atrophic lesions |
| a premonitory subjective sensation. | aura |
| automatic and apparently undirected behavior which is not consciously controlled | automatism |
| that part of the nervous system ordinarily not subject to voluntary control and regulates basic life-preserving functions such as heart rate, blood pressure and respiration. | autonomic nervous system |
| any EEG activity representing the setting in which a given normal pattern appears and from which such pattern is distinguished. | background activity |
| beta rhytm | greater than 13 Hz |
| the barrier that prevents or delays the entry into brain tissue of certain substances in the blood. | blood brain barrier |
| the motor speech center in the third left frontal convolution of the dominant side of the brain. | broca's area |
| pattern charcterized by bursts of theta and/or delta waves, at time intermixed with faster waves, and intervening periods of relative quiscence. | burst-suppression |
| What condition is associated with progressive weakness of ring and little fingers? | tardy ulnar palsy |
| What is the number one most important part of a neurologic evaluation? | history taking |
| The transmission of infection from one person to another person occurs through what ways? | direct contact, air, common vehicle, vector |
| What is the most rapidly growing malignant tumor with histologic features of necrosis and a 6-12 month survival period? | glioblastoma |
| What is the most common demyelinating disease of the central nervous system? | multiple sclerosis |
| Which cranial nerve is responsible for swallowing, taste, visceral sensory, and salivation? | glossopharyngeal |
| What type of condition do many patients have who present with bilateral acoustic neuromas or vestibular schwannomas? | Type 2 Neurofibromatosis |
| Compression or dysfunction of a spinal nerve root is known as? | radiculopathy |
| Intracranial bleeding may occur secondary to head trauma. What type of condition exists when blood collects between the dura and arachnoid layers of the meninges? | subdural hematoma |
| the most superior part of the brain that encloses most of the brain stem? | cerebrum |
| the entire surface of the cerebral hemispheres exhibits elevated ridges of tissue called_____, separated by shallow grooves called ______. less numerous are the deeper grooves called ______, which separate large regions of the brain. | gyri, sulci, fissures. |
| single deep fissure that separates the cerebral hemispheres? | longitudinal fissure |
| name the 3 basic regions of the cerebral hemispheres? | cerebral cortex, cerebral white matter, basal nuclei |
| functions of the cerebral cortex? | speech, memory, logical and emotional response, consciousness, interpretation of sensation and voluntary movement. |
| the primary somatic sensory area is located in which lobe of the brain? | parietal lobe posterior to the central sulcus |
| this allows you to recognize pain, coldness, or a light touch. | primary somatic sensory area |
| the primary motor area is located in which lobe of the brain? | frontal lobe anterior to the central sulcus |
| localized to one specific area | focal |
| affecting the entire brain | generalized |
| repetitive seizure that occurs without baseline | status epilepticus |
| no known cause | idopathic |
| defined as no activity over 2 uv when recording from electrodes pairs at least 10 cm apart and at a Sesntivity of 1 uv/mm | electrocerebral inactivity (ECI) |
| occurs suddenly, reaches max amplitude the disappears | paroxysmal |
| blood clot inside a blood vessel obstructing the flow of blood | thrombosis |
| blockage of one of the arteries to the brain caused by blood clot that has formed elsewhere and broken free, and traveled to the brain | embolis |
| due to a lack of blood flow to the brain | ischemia |
| caused by a bleeding in the brain | hemorrhagic |
| normal pattern described rhythmic theta activity, seen in the occipital regions during light sleep. | POSTS |
| seen during sleep as a response to noise | K-complex |
| high voltage paroxysmal response of spike and slow wave seen in response to photic stimulation | photo paroxysmal response |
| sharp waves appear as phase reversals in C3, CZ and C4 electrodes during drowsiness | vertex waves |
| high voltage delta activity appearing maximally in the Frontal regions. Typically associated with deep midline lesions. | FIRDA |
| high voltage delta activity which appears maximum in the posterior regions and is most commonly seen in children | OIRDA |
| 7-11 Hz, seen in the central regions in runs of 3-5 seconds, arch shape | Mu |
| normal response to visual stimulation | LAMDA |
| sharply contoured theta, seen in the mid temporal regions | Wicket spikes |
| describe stage 2 sleep | vertex waves, k-complex, sleep spindles |
| a patient with JME would most likely have which findings on their EEG? | generalized bursts of spike, polyspike and wave |
| On exam the patient has no response to stimulus, no gag reflex, pupils nonreactive, and patient is on a ventilator. What would you expect to see on the EEG? | extremely low voltage, less than 2 uv, activity, no change with stimulation |
| A patient with a history of Benign Rolandic Epilepsy would most likely have an abnormality brought out with? | sleep |
| A 68 year old patient present with a recent onset of slurred speech and right sided weakness. The EEG would most likely show? | left sided delta and theta |
| a warning before a seizure | aura |
| Having to do with the movement, posture, jerking | motor |
| Having to do with the sensory system: visual, auditory, taste, sensation | sensory |
| Part of the peripheral nervous system that acts as a control system functioning largely below the level of consciousness and controls visceral functions. | autonomic |
| characterized by continuous tension or contraction | tonic |
| alternate involuntary muscular contraction and relaxation in rapid succession. | clonic |
| seizure due to a known specific area of the cerebral cortex | partial |
| muscular twitches as well as sudden trunk and/or limb movements | myoclonic |
| brief impairment of consciousness, usually with a rapid onset and termination | absense |
| Nerves which carry efferent impulses from the central nervous system to the muscles and glands | motor |
| Type of nerve which carries afferent impulses from receptors (sense organs) to the central nervous system | sensory |
| heart rate, salivation, sweating | autonomic |
| period of impaired consciousness in which the patient is unable to respond to questions or carry out direction and has no memory of the ictal period | complex partial seizure |
| phenomenon of experiencing a situation that one recognises but that nonetheless seems very unfamiliar | jaimais vu' |
| occurring in a particular locality, group of people, or period of time | clustering |
| the science or study of causes of disease | etiology |
| List four possible causes of Partial seizures | head trauma, vascular disease, infectious disease, and brain tumors. |
| Paralysis during postictal period | todd's paralysis |
| If your patient is having a seizure your first response should be | roll to their side to ensure an open air way |
| unconscious meaningless behavior associated with a complex partial seizure | automatism |
| what does EEG show for Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy? | Generalized and often irregular spike waves and polyspike waves |
| what does EEG show for Benign Rolandic Epilepsy? | Biphasic spiking in C3 and C4 or T3 and T4 |
| what does EEG show for Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome | Excessively slow background for age, and frequent discharges of sharp and slow wave |
| What does EEG show for West’s Syndrome | Mixed spike, multiple spike, sharp wave, and slow discharges appearing continuously with little bilateral synchrony |
| what does EEG show for Sturge –Weber Syndrome | Assymetrical alpha and focal abnormalities |
| what does EEG show for Tay –Sachs Disease | Generalized delta and generalized spikes |
| what does EEG show for Acquired Epileptic Aphasia | Multifocal spikes and spike and wave discharges |
| what does EEG show for Neonatal Seizures | Burst suppression activity |
| loss of ability to exprees onself using speech | aphasia |
| related to the sense of taste | gustatory |
| not under conscious control | automatism |
| related to sense of smell | olfactory |
| Genetic, cherry red spot in the eye, severe myoclonus | tay sachs disease |
| developmentally delaye, infantile spasm and Hypsarrythmic EEG | west syndrome |
| rhythmic sharp and spike activity occurring in the Left fronto-temporal regions with spread to the entire left hemisphere followed by generalized spike and wave activity | complex partial seizure with secondary generalization |
| this is symptom of a brain disorder characterized by excessive excitation of neurons | epilepsy |
| the smallest structure that maintains its chemical character is the | atom |
| electromotive force is measured in | volts |
| the dipole of the eye works in a way that the front of the eye is the _______ with a __________charge and the back of the eye is the _____________ with a ___________ charge | cornea, positive, retina, negative |
| left superior canthus and right inferior canthus electrodes are also known as ? | left upper eye and right lower eye electrodes |
| congenital anomoalies of the hindbrain with caudal displacement of pone, medulla and cerebellare vermis is called? | arnold chiari malformation |
| BECTS | benign epilepsy of childhood with central midtemporal spikes |
| focal epilesies and syndromes | BECTS, panayiotopoulos syndrome, temporal lobe seizures, MTLE, NTLE, frontal lobe sz's, parietal lobe sz's, multifocal spike dischargers, midline spikes |
| generalized epilesies and syndromes | absense sz's, GTC's, JAE, JME, myoclonic sz's, atonic sz's, lennazox-gastaut syndrome, west syndrome, progressive myocloinc epilepsy, |
| age of onset of BECTS | 4 yrs to teens |
| EEG of BECTS | central or midtemporal. most are unilateral but may be bilateral. wave form is that of a sharp with a triphasic configuation with a negative peak followed by small positive peaks. |
| 2 types of temporal lobe sz's | mesial temporal lobe epilesy, neocortical temporal lobe epilepsy |
Created by:
cjcs138