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Civics & Gov't Final
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what should every citizen do? | vote, volunteer, run for office, know their rights, know their local court system |
| what must every citizen do? | pay taxes, subpoena, jury duty, obey the law, selective service |
| what is a representative democracy? | wher epeople elect officials that they trust to vote in their favor on issues |
| what is a direct democracy? | where every citizen is equal and all have a say; 1 person=1 vote |
| what is a republic? | people elect officials to represent their interests in gov't, same as representative democracy |
| what is an oligarchy? | where a few people make decisions due to their wealth, military connections or influence |
| what is communism? | where everyone is considered equal and is provided with the same things. often does not work out and ends up more like an aristocracy |
| what is socialism? | where major industries are run by gov't but smaller businesses are encouraged. |
| what is feudalism? | where the upper class provides for the lower class and vice versa. feudalist pyramid. |
| what is a monarchy? | one person runs the show because of their wealth or heredity. |
| what is an aristocracy? | where a small group of people gain control due to wealth or social connections. |
| What is imperialism? | where one country sets out to increase their economic influence by conquering lands outside of their own borders |
| what is colonialism? | same as imperialism; increase economic influence by expanding boundaries |
| what is fascism? | where everyone must be the same or else they will die. they do not tolerate even the most minute differences |
| what is a dictatorship? | where one person is in control becuase of their military connections or wealth. they keep their power using fear of force |
| what is a theocracy? | religion and law are intertwined |
| what is anarchy? | absence of and gov't |
| who was the 1st great deomcracy? | ancient greece |
| who invented republics? | rome |
| what did the Magna Carta do? | limited the king's power by giving citizens the right to a fair trial, the right to travel freely, and the establishment of parliament |
| what did the 2nd magna carta do? | restricted the king's ability to limit free speech and tax without parliament's approval |
| what did the englishe bill of rights do? | gov't officials subject to same punishments as citizens, everyone has a right to a fair trial by their peers, and everyone can petition gov't. |
| who was John locke? | invented the natural law (life, liberty, pursuit of happiness) |
| who was montisquieu? | invented seperation of powers (3 seperate and equal houses of gov't to prevent each other from becoming too powerful) |
| what happened after the declaration of independence was created? | revolutionary war |
| what are the 3 main parts of the declaration of independence? | explanation (explained why their were breaking up with Britain) justification (gave all their reasons for doing it) and delcaration of soviergnity (declared that theyr were done for good) |
| what powers were granted to the federal gov't by the articles of confeceration? | not much. the powert to tax, make laws, judge people, coin money, commerce was left with the states |
| what did the articles of confeceration do? | formed a very loose gov't between the states. there was very little federal gov't, and the states were like seperate countries. |
| What needed to be fixed in the Art. of Con? | more federal power. the states had too much. |
| what was Shay's rebellion? | when farmers were mad because bankers took their bankrupt properties for themselves because taxes were too high. farmers had a hard time making money after the war. |
| why couldn't the federal gov't stop shay's rebellion? | federal gov't was not allowed to intervene in state affairs. |
| why was the constitutional convention started? | becuase Shay's rebellion protests had led them to believe that more power should rest with the federal gov't. |
| where was the constitutional convention held? | philadelphia, PA |
| what were some procedures tht took plae at the CC? | each state had one vote, no talking over others, must raise hand and be recognized to speak, no side conversations, before moving on, all voices must be heard, all windows and doors shut, the vegas rule |
| whjat were the federalist papers? | papers written to persuade the citizens to approve the constitution |
| what was the virginia plan? | plan for new gov't; bicameral legislature where representation is based on state populations. |
| what was the new jersey plan? | where repersentation in the unicameral legislature is equal; two people from each state |
| what was the great compromise? | combined the VA and NJ plans into one; bi cameral legislature in which one house is equal representation and the other is based on population. |
| what was the 3/5 compromise? | 3/5 of all slaves counted in the population totals. |
| how was the constitution ratified? | 1st state to ratify was DE, 9th was NH, making it official. |
| what does ratify mean? | to make official or adopt |
| what is the 1st amendment? | right to free speech, press, assembly, petition gov't, religion |
| what is the 2nd amendment? | right to bear arms |
| what is the 3rd amendment? | no quartering of soldiers |
| what is the 4th amendment? | right to privacy. gov't can't search property unless they have articulable suspicion (evidence that a crime was committed), probable cause (sight, sound, or smell) and a warrant (document from judge for a legal search) |
| What would be an example of atriculable suspicion? | seeing a swerving car on the road |
| what would be an example of probable cause? | smelling alcohol on the driver's breath |
| what is articulable suspicion? | reason to suspect that a crime has been committed |
| what is probable cause? | evidence through sight, sound, or smell that a crime was committed |
| what is a warrant? | permission from a judge for a search of property |
| what is the 5th amendment? | can't be tried for a crime without a gand jury examining evidence first |
| what is double jeopardy? | being tried for the same crime 2x |
| what does 'i plead the 5th' mean? | that you don't want to speak in court becuase it may incriminate you |
| what is due process of law? | when you get arrested, there are several steps that police has to go through. |
| what is eminent domain? | the gov't cannot sieze you rproperty unless you are provided with compensation for it and it is being used for the public |
| what are your miranda rights? | when the police show up, they have to read you your rights. like 'you have the right to remain silent. anything you say can and will be used against you in court' |
| what is the 6th amendment? | right to a piublic and speedy trial. it must be held in same district as the crime was committed in, must be informed of charges against you, and must have access to a lawyer |
| what is the 7th amendment? | if you're being sued for more that $20, you have the right to a trial |
| what is the 8th amendment? | protection from cruel and unusual punishments |
| what is the 9th amendment? | just becuase it isn't in the bill of rights doesn't mean that you don't have that right |
| what is the 10th amendment? | powers of gov't are distributed between federal and state |
| who is the head of the legislative branch? | House of reps and senate |
| what are the terms of office for congress? | 2 year terms, divided into 2 sessions. |
| what is the bill into law process? | it must be introduced in one house, be sent to committee for debate, taken to the floor to be voted on, then sent to the next house and repeat the process. |
| who are lobbyists and what do they do? | they are people whjo try to persuade gov't to vote their way to make them more money. they can bribe and promise votes. |
| who is the head of the executive branch? | the president |
| what are the terms of office for the president? | 4 year terms, can be elected 2x. |
| what are the jobs of the president? | -chief diplomat -chief economic planner -commander in chief of armed forces -chief of party -chief of state -chief executive -chief administrator -chief legislator |
| who is the head of the judicial branch? | supreme court |
| what are the supreme court terms of office? | get nominated be the president, and stay for life. |
| what is the difference between a criminal and civil case? | criminal case-where a crime was committed, civil case- where someone is sueing someone else |
| what is state vs. federal case? | state- lower court where all cases begin, federal court-for major cases. |
| what is a juvenile vs. adult case? | juvenile-for kids, adult- for grown ups. punishments are different |
| what is the make up of a court room? | judge bailiff stenographer prosecution defense |
| what is the power structure for the legislative branch? | HOR Senate VP speaker of house pres. por tempore Maj. lead, min lead maj. leader, min lead whips whips whips whips committees committees |
| Who is the speaker of the house? | most powerful member of congress, presides over sessions, controls most things |
| who is the president of the senate? | can only vote in ties, doesn't do much else |
| who is the president pro tempore? | has the same duties as speaker of house, leader for the senate |
| who are the maj., min. leaders? | chief officers for their party. |
| who are the whips? | assistant floor leaders. |
| What does jurisdiction mean? | area or range of control of a judge or court |
| what does appeal mean? | the abilityof a lower courthouse to have case reviewed be a higher court |
| what is a lobbyist? | someone who tries to make members of congress vote their way by bribing them so they can make more money |
| what is a constituent? | person within a congressional district that a member of congress represents |
| what is a precedent? | a previous court ruling |
| what is a congressional district? | an area with no fixed boundary that is represented by a emeber of congress |
| What is checks and balances? | ways that the three branches of gov't check each other to make sure that none grow too powerful |
| what is seperation of powers? | the theory by montesquieu that says three branches of gov't will not overpower one another |
| what is seperation of church and state? | where church and law are not to intertwine as in a theocracy |
| what is suffrage? | the right to vote |
| what is a policy? | a course of action for certian situations |
| what is a bill? | a proposed law |
| what is a foreign policy? | how to deal with threats from outside the US |
| what is domestic policy? | how to deal with threats insode our borders |
| what is an ambassador? | person in charge of international affairs |
| what is a bureaucracy? | top part of the executive power structure, president's close advisors |
| what is executive agreements? | agreements the president makes with ambassadors that do not need to be apporved by congress |
| what is executive privilege? | right to keep information secret from congress |
| what is a precedent? | a previous court case ruling that determined the outcome for all other similar cases |
| what does liable mean? | legally responsible |
| what is a jury? | a group of people who evaluate evidence and determine guilt or innocence in a court case |
Created by:
mellonchick
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