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PHARM CHARM I
Gen Prin, ANS, SNS
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Drugs that bind to receptors amd mimic effects of endogenous compounds. They have instinsic activity. | Agonist |
| the ability to bind to a receptor is called? | Affinity |
| Sensitivity of the receptor to the drug or the ability of the drug to achieve an effect? | Intrinsic activity or Efficacy |
| Drugs that bind to a receptor or have affinity, but produce no intrinsic activity. | Antagonist |
| Drugs that have affinity and weak efficacy or weak intrinsic activity. | Partial agonist |
| Drugs may be metabolized by enzymes in the gut or gut wall. When abs from the GI tract, drugs 1st go to liver where they are metab b4 reaching circulation | First pass effect |
| HYPOactivity that occurs from chronic exposure to a drug. Continued use of the drug req larger doses of the drug. | Tolerance |
| What the body does to the drug? Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion. | Pharmacokinetics |
| time req'd for the amount of the drug in the body to decr by 50%. | Half-life |
| time it takes for plasma concen to be reduced by 50% during the elimination phase | plasma elimination half-life |
| What is the total knowledge of drugs? | Pharmacology |
| Any chemical agent that affects living processes. Produces a physio, bio, decr in abn tissue, decr in pop and inv microorg | DRUG |
| the effect of drugs in man | Clinical pharmacology |
| empathizes the disease state. Therapy for the use of drugs in preven and trtmnt | Pharmacotherapeutics |
| drugs used to destroy or eliminate pathogenic cells or organism. *chemo or anti-infectives | Chemotherapeutic agents |
| deals with toxic effects of drugs | Toxicology |
| the relative toxicity of a drug is expressed as...ratioof dose capable of killing 50%/ther eff | therapeutic index |
| something that devel btwn drugs w/in a class or btwn drugs of diff classes that prod the similar pharm effects | cross-tolerance |
| increased activity of enzymes that metab drugs | enzyme induction |
| on cont use of a drug, there is a decr in the # or sensitivity recep sites | Down regulation |
| tolerance that devel acutely w/only few doses of a drug | Tachyphylaxis |
| an unexpected abnormal reaction to a drug | Idiosyncrasy |
| any action of the drug other than the desired (therapeutic)effect. | Side effect |
| noxious, unintended and undesired effect that occurs in a normal drug dose. | Adverse reaction |
| effect (usually expected) produced by large doses of the drug amd may req decr dose or stopping the drug | Toxic effect |
| a combo of drugs, when used together, result in total effect less than sum of combo. | Antagonism |
| initially developed to imp qual and labeling of drugs and updated through the years to test for toxicity (FDA) | Food, Drug & Cosmetic Act |
| (DEA) classifies subst into sched based on their potential for abuse and sets requirements for documentation and storage of these..prescrip, filling orders | Controlled Substances Act |
| nonproprietary name selected by USAN Council | Generic name |
| brand name, or proprietary name, copyrighted by the drug company | Trade name |
| drugs that treat rare diseases or are nonpatentable | Orphan Drugs |
| a barrier to drug transport,bilayer of lipids, water soluble (doesn't dissolve in lipids)high elec resistance, prev permeability | plasma membrane |
| immediate response drugs or sustained release drugs that contain a powder or liquid | capsules or soft capsules |
| passage of drugs across plasma membrane | passive diffusion |
| primary transport for water sol drugs,selectivity, competitive inhibition, a req for energy,mvmnt against electrochem gradient | active transport |
| amount of drug that eventually reaches the systemic circulation | bioavailability |
| enzymes in the gut wall (CYP3A4)that can metab drugs as well as efflux systems | P-Glycoprotein |
| enteric coated to prevent disintegration in the stomach, it is released in the small intestine | Tablet |
| medicine that contains sugar Caution: Diabetics | Syrup |
| medicine that contains sugar and alcohol CAUTION:Alcoholics taking disulfiram | Elixir |
| capsules that use insoluble transport system,the shell shows up in the feces | Procardia XL |
| tablets placed under the tongue | Sublingual tablets |
| this med must be shaken! | Suspensions |
| effervescent tablets | Lozenges |
| powders, ointments, creams, lotions, usually for local effect | topical |
| medicine applied topically but given for systemic effect | transdermal patch |
| the drug bound to plasma proteins | Bound Drug |
| the drug NOT bound to plasma protein | Free Drug |
| clients with sever burns, liver disease, kidney failure, or malnourished | hypoalbuminemia |
| hypothetical quant est of drug distribution | volume of distribution |
| most drugs are handled by the body. the rate of elimination is proportional to concentration. | 1st order reactions |
| drugs that the rate is independent of concen but the time it takes to eliminate the drug is concen dependent | zero order |
| rate of drug absorption = rate of elim | Steady state |
| it take 4-5 doses of a drug to reach steady state, if the full therap eff is needed earlier, a larger initial dose may be given | Loading dose |
| primary purpose is to change lipid soluble active compounds to water soluble inactive compounds that can be excreted easily | Metabolism |
| an important oxidizing enzyme system. | cytochrome P-450 system |
| metabolites formed in the LIVER are excreted into the intestinal tract via the bile. it maybe excreted into feces or it may be reabsorbed. | Enterohepatic cycle |
| measure of the speed by which the drug leaves the body either through the liver or kidney. | Clearance |
| study of biochemical & physio effectsf drugson living organisms and their mech of action | Pharmacodynamics |
| cellular proteins. Interact with drugs and other endogenous compounds. | Receptors |
| tight junctions of capillaries of the CNS, along with glial cells. no large holes btwn cells. cells tightly adjourned. resistant to transport of drugs other than those that are high lipid soluble | Blood Brain Barrier |
| the phenomenon that occurs when the effects or kinetics of one drug are altered by the prior or cocaminant admin of another drug | Drug-to-drug interaction |
| the drug whose ACTION or KINETICS is changed | Object Drug |
| the drug CAUSING the change | Precepitant Drug |
| drugs may incr or decr the absorption of other agents. | Altered absorption |
| increased activity of enzymes(or drug transport systems) that metabolize drugs. Slow in onset and disappearance. | Enzyme induction |
| Chronic alcoholism and Heavy smoking are... | Enzyme Inducers |
| Drugs can alter all three phases of renal excretion | altered excretion |
| altered patient response to drugs without a change in drug blood level. Ex: digoxin&thiazides/anticoagulants&thyroxine | Pharmacodynamic interactions |
| additive anticholinergic effect; additivecardiac depression; incr or decr in blood sugar and diabetic drug activity; additive renal toxicity | Pharmacological interactions |
| foods can alter drug effectiveness. food delays stomach emptying. food may bind to drugs and prev absorption,foods may prom abs, food may alter metab of a drug, foods may contain activ comp that affect drugs | Food Drug interaction |
| Pregancy Categories A,B,C,D,X | FDA |
| ...failed to demonstrate a risk to the fetus in the first trimester of pregnancy (and there is no evidence of risk in later trimesters). | Pregnancy Category A |
| Animal reproduction studies have failed to demonstrate a risk to the fetus and... | Pregnancy Category B |
| Animal reproduction studies have shown an adverse effect on the fetus and...but potential benefits may warrant use of the drug in pregnant women despite potential risks. | Pregnancy Category C |
| There is positive evidence of human fetal risk based on adverse reaction data from investigational or marketing experience or studies in humans, but potential benefits may warrant use of the drug in pregnant women despite potential risks. | Pregnancy Category D |
| Studies in animals or humans have demonstrated fetal abnormalities. there is positive evid of human fetal risk based on adv rxn data from investig or marketing exp, and the risks involved in use of the drug clearly outweigh potential benefits. | Pregnancy Category X |
| decreased effectiveness of propoxyphene, tolbutamide & prednisone | Chronic alcoholism |
| _______ is reported to enhance the elimination of thephylline, flecainide, pentazocine & propoxyphene. | Smoking |
| Tolerance, psychological dependence, physio dep, w/drawal symp | Characteristics of drug dependence |
| drug taking pattern impacts negatively on psychlogical | drug abuse |
| a disease process chrac by continued use of a psychoactive substance despite physical, psychologic or social harm | drug addiction |
| Important precipitant drug interactions | DIGOXIN or Lanoxin |
| How many half-lives are required for a single dose of a medication to essentially be eliminated from the body | five |
| Parenteral administration of medications does NOT include: | Oral admin |
| who have low concentrations of albumin (simple form of protein) | newborns |
| what develops when a person req the drug to experience positive feelings and a sense of self-esteem | Tolerance |
| normal physiol change with aging (kidney) | Renal function decrease |
| a person who is a heavy smoker (>2 packs/day) cigarette smoker is likely to req higher doses than a nonsmoker of which of the following drug? | Theophylline |
| in a patient with alcoholic cirrhosis of liver, you should expect: | Prolonged effect of a drug metabolized by the liver |
| A preg client takes an OTC iron prep drug. Drug data lists the drugs as Pregnancy Category A.The health prac teaches what? | This drug is safe during pregnancy |
Created by:
boomer_bevo
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