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Pharm Ch 11 Terms
Pharmacology
Question | Answer |
---|---|
acute renal failure | rapid reduction kidney function resulting in accumulation of nitrogen and other wastes |
benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) | abnormal enlargement of the prostate gland, usually associated with aging |
carbonic anhydrase inhibitor | a diuretic that acts in the proximal tubule to increase urine volume and change the pH to alkaline |
diuretic | a substance that rids the body of excess fluid and electrolytes by increasing the urine output |
filtration | the removal of substance from the blood as part of the formation of urine by the renal tubules |
hematocrit | the proportion of volume of red blood cells to the total volume of blood |
loop diuretic | a drug that inhibits reabsorption of sodium and chloride in the loop of Henle, thereby causing increased urinary output |
nephron | glomerulotubular units that are the working units of the kidney |
nocturia | urinary frequency at night |
osmotic diuretic | a drug that increases the osmotic pressure of glomerule filtrate, thereby inhibiting tubular reabsorption of water and electrolytes and increasing urinary output |
potassium-sparing diuretic | a drug that promotes excretion of water and sodium but inhibits the exchanghe of sodiun for potassium |
reabsorption | the process by which substances are pulled back into the blood after waste products have been removed during the formation of urine |
reticulocytes | immature red blood cells |
secretion | the release of cell productsm including hydrogen and potassium ions and acids and bases, into urine being formed |
stress incontinence | urine leakage during physical movements |
thiazide diurectic | a drug based on benzothiadiazine that blocks a pump that removes sodium and cloride together from the distal tubule |
uremia | the clinical syndrome resulting from renal dysfunction in which excessive products of protein metabolism and retained in the blood |
urinary tract | the group of organs that include the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra, and that is involved in the production and transportation of urine |
urinary tract infection (UTI) | an infection caused by bacteria, usually E.coli, that enter via the urethra and progress up the urinary tract; characterized bu the presence of bacteria in the urine with localized symptoms |