Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Urinalysis
Clin Path
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What urinary system disorders are indicators for a urinalysis? | Renal disease/failure, bacterial infection, hematuria, neoplasia, urolithiasis, and crystalluria |
| What non-urinary disorders are indicators for a urinalysis? | diabetes mellitus, diabetes insipidus, liver failure, severe hemolytic disease, systemic acidosis and pre-renal azotemia |
| What term refers to an abnormal concentration of urine constituents in the blood caused by generalized renal disease? | uremia |
| What is the most common type of diabetes insipidus? | central |
| What 6 things can influence the value of a urinalysis? | diet, patient condition, sample method, sample handling and preservation, test methods, and medications |
| What two things must be present for a UTI? | WBCs and bacteria |
| What term refers to the act of passing urine? | micturition |
| What are the 4 methods of collecting a urine sample? | voided, bladder expression, catheterization and cystocentesis |
| What type of collection method is also called free catch? | voided |
| What is the easiest method for obtaining a urine sample? | voided |
| What type of voided sample is considered to be the least contaminated? | midstream |
| What 2 collection methods are used for culture and sensitivity testing? | catheterization and cystocentesis |
| What position should the animal be placed in to collect a sample via manual expression? | standing or lateral recumbency |
| What are the 2 types of catheters used for urine collection? | polypropylene and red rubber |
| How are red rubber catheters measured? | FR (French) |
| What tool is required when placing a urinary catheter in female patients (in addition to usual items)? | speculum |
| What type of cells should on expect when placing a urinary catheter? | epithelial cells |
| What is the method of choice for culture and sensitivity? | cystocentesis |
| When performing a cystocentesis you should use what gauge needle? What height of needle? And what size syringe? | 20-22g; 1-1.5 inch needle, and 10ml syringe |
| What position should an animal be placed for cystocentesis? | standing, lateral recumbency or dorsal recumbency |
| What location should the needle be placed when performing a cystocentesis? | caudal abdomen on midline |
| What test should always be performed prior to urine being refrigerated? | specific gravity |
| Urine samples allowed to sit at room temperature will have ___________ glucose and bilirubin. | decreased |
| Urine samples allowed to sit at room temperature will have ___________ pH? | increased |
| True or false. Casts are formed in urine samples that are allowed to sit at room temperature. | False (Breakdown) |
| How long can a sample be refrigerated for? | 6-12 hours |
| ______________ can form or degrade in a urine sample due to refrigeration. | crystals |
| A preservative is used for samples required to be held for how long? | >12 hours |
| What is the preservative of choice? | 40% formalin |
| How much formalin is added per 1 ounce of urine for preserving? | 1 gtt |
| What are the 4 most commonly used preservatives for urine samples? | thymol, toluene and 5% phenol |
| What 5 pieces of information should a urinalysis report always include? | patient information, collection technique, date/time of collection, method of preservation and completed results |
| What are the 3 components to a urinalysis? | physical, chemical and microscopic findings |
| What transparency term refers refers to the snowglobe effect seen in urine samples with the naked eye? | flocculent |
| What are the 5 physical properties of urine? | odor, color, transparency, specific gravity and volume |
| What do sensible losses refer to? | urine (Measurable) |
| What do insensible losses refer to? | respiratory or feces (Unmeasurable) |
| What do contemporary losses refer to? | Vomit and diarrhea |
| Urine should be determined over a ______ time period. | 24 hour |
| What is the normal daily urine output? | 20-40ml/kg |
| What term refers to an increase in daily urine output? | polyuria |
| What term refers to urinating more frequently? | pollakiuria |
| What consituent of urine gives it its color? | urochrome |
| The _____ concentrated the urine the higher the specific gravity. | more |
| What 2 species naturally have cloudy urine? | horses and rabbits |
| What 2 things cause horses and rabbits to have naturally cloudy urine? | mucus and calcium carbonate |
| What makes urine green and foamy? | bile pigments |
| What is the #1 reason for bile pigments in the urine? | cholestasis |
| What makes urine dark brown or black? | myoglobin |
| What condition affects active animals after excessive muscle breakdown and causes them to pee dark brown/black? | "Tying Up" or Exertional Rhabdomyolysis |
| True or false. Odor is diagnostic. | False |
| Urine of what 3 animals is naturally pungent? | male cats, goats and pigs |
| What urine odor is produced from bacteria growth? | ammonia |
| What gives urine a sweet/fruity smell? | ketones |
| What are the 3 conditions associated with ketones in the urine? | DM, ketosis in cows and pregnancy disease in sheep |
| What is the result of fat breakdown? | ketones |
| Specific gravity is the weight of a liquid compared to what? | distilled water |
| What are the 3 methods to determine USG? | refractometer, reagent strips and urinometer |
| Increased temp causes ______________ specific gravity. | increased |
| What is the range of USG in the dog? | 1.001-1.060 (1.025) |
| What is the range of USG in the cat? | 1.001-1.080 (1.030) |
| What species has a greater urine concentrating ability? | cat |
| What is the specific gravity of glomerular filtrate? | 1.010 |
| What occurs when USG approaches that of glomerular filtrate? | isothenuria |
| What is the #1 cause of hypersthenuria? | dehydration |
| What percentage of urine consists of water? | 95% |
| What chemical property is on human reagent strips that isnt normally on vet reagent strips? | nitrite |
| What does pH measure? | hydrogen ion concentration |
| What pH is considered to be acidic? | below 7.0 |
| What pH is considered to be basic? | above 7.0 |
| What is the normal pH of dogs and cats? | 6.0-7.0 |
| What is the #1 factor that influences the pH of urine? | diet |
| What type of pH will the urine of an animal with a high protein diet have? | acidic |
| What type of pH will the urine of an animal with a plant diet have? | basic |
| What type of pH is caused by vomiting, severe diarrhea, fever and starvation? | acidic |
| True or false. Only the cystocentesis method can cause protein in the urine. | false (All but free catch) |
| True or false. Protein is normal in the urine. | false |
| What is the primary protein measured with reagent strips? | albumin |
| What test is used to confirm significant amounts of protein in the urine? | UPC (Urine protein/creatinine) |
| What test should never be performed if bacteria is present in the urine? | UPC |
| What breed is affected by fanconi syndrome? | basenji |
| What are examples of pre-renal causes of proteinuria? | shock, CHF, fever, increased exercise, overflow of transient protein from the blood |
| What is another name for glucosuria? | glycosuria |
| What part of the kidney filters? | glomerulus |
| What part of the kidney absorbs? | tubules |
| What drugs cause false positives of glucose in the urine? | Vit C, morphine, aspirin, penicillin and other antibiotics |
| True or false. Tablet glucose tests detect ANY sugar type in the urine. | True |
| What 2 conditions besides diabetes mellitus are associated with glucosuria? | cushings and pancreatitis |
Created by:
fadedfaithless
Popular Veterinary sets