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MIDTERM REVIEW 1055
MIDTERM REVIEW 1055 VETERINARY TERMINOLOGY 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Cystocentesis | A surgical puncture of the urinary bladder with a needle to remove fluid (urine). |
| Palpation | Examination by feeling; one can feel the texture, size, consistency, and location of body parts. |
| Venipuncture | Withdrawing blood from a vein (usually with a needle and syringe). |
| Febrile | Medical term for fever; elevated body temperature. |
| Pyrexia | Medical term for fever Pyr/o = fire |
| Cyanosis | Abnormal condition of blue discoloration; caused by inadequate oxygen levels |
| Icteric/Icterus or Jaundice | Yellow discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes caused by elevated bilirubin levels. |
| Malignant | A cancer that can invade and destroy surrounding normal tissue. Some malignant cancers have the ability to spread (metastasize) to other parts of the body. |
| Benign | A cancer that may grow but does not invade surrounding normal tissue and does not spread (metastasize) to other parts of the body. |
| Homeostasis | The process of maintaining a stable internal body environment. |
| Idiopathic | Of unknown cause. |
| Recumbancy | The medical term for lying down. May be further classified as lateral, sternal/ventral, dorsal, or left/right. |
| Signalment | A description of the animal with information about the animal, including species, breed, age, and sexual status (intact or altered). |
| Blood Pressure | The tension exerted by blood on the arterial walls. It is determined by the energy produced by the heart, arterial wall elasticity, and the volume and viscosity of the blood. |
| Tachypnea | Abnormally rapid respiration RATES |
| Bradypnea | Abnormally slow respiration RATES |
| Thoracocentesis | Puncture of the chest wall with a needle to obtain fluid from the pleural cavity. This fluid may be used for cytological and microbiological examination; also used to drain pleural effusions or to reexpand a collapsed lung |
| Atelectesis | Incomplete expansion of the alveoli; may also mean collapse of a lung |
| Anorexia | Lack or loss of appetite |
| Aerophagia | Swallowing of air |
| Hypothermia | Abnormally low body temperature. |
| Hyperthermia | Abnormally high body temperature. |
| Normothermic | Normal body temperature. |
| Hepatomegaly | Enlargement of the liver |
| Cardiomegaly | Enlargement of the heart |
| Cardiomyopathy | Disease of the heart muscle (2 types); hypertrophic=excessive growth of the left ventricle; dilated=thin-walled left ventricle |
| Hypotension | Low blood pressure |
| Hypertension | High blood pressure |
| Normotensive | Normal blood pressure |
| Tendon | A band of fibrous connective tissue that connects muscle to bone |
| Ligament | A band of fibrous connective tissue that connects one bone to another bone. |
| Petechia | Small, pinpoint hemorrhage lesions. |
| Ecchymosis | Purplish nonelevated patch of bleeding into the skin; also called a bruise. |
| Pollakiuria | Frequent urination. |
| Polyuria | Increase in the amount of urine output or production. |
| Hematuria | Blood in the urine. |
| Polydipsia | Excessive thirst or drinking. |
| Stomatitis | Inflammation of the mouth. |
| Urinalysis | Examination of urine components. (UA) Can tell about pH, leukocytes, erythrocytes, protein, glucose, specific gravity (USG), and other factors. |
| Mastication | Chewing; breaking food into smaller pieces and mixes the ingesta with saliva. |
| Coprophagia | Ingestion of fecal material. |
| Pyothorax | Accumulation of pus in the chest cavity. |
| Ataxia | Without coordination; "stumbling". |
| Myopathy | Abnormal condition or disease of muscle. |
| Perfusions | Blood flow through tissue. |
| Hypothyroidism | Condition of thyroid hormone deficiency. Signs include decreased metabolic rate, poor hair coat, lethargy , and increased sensitivity to cold. |
| Hyperthyroidism | Condition of excessive thyroid hormone. Signs include increased metabolic rate, weight loss, polyuria, and polydipsia. |
| Pericardial effusion | Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pericardium |
| Ishemia | Lack, or deficiency, of blood supply to an area |
| Blood flow though the heart... | Vena cava-R atrium-R AV/tricuspid-pulmonary semilunar valve-lungs via pulmonary artery-returns thru 4 pulmonary veins-Left atrium-mitral/L AV/bicuspid valve-L ventricle-Aortic semilunar valve-aorta-body |
| Artery | A vessel in which blood flows away from the heart, in the systemic circulation carrying oxygenated blood. |
| Vein | A vessel in which blood flows toward the heart, in the systemic circulation carrying blood that has given up most of its oxygen. |
| Sinoatrial (SA) node | Along with the Purkinje fibers, establishes the basic rhythm of the heart; AKA the "pacemaker" of the heart. SA node is located in the wall of the right atrium near the entrance of the superior vena cava. |
| Atrioventricular (AV) node | Transmits the electrical impulses (received from the SA node) to the bundle of His (AV bundle). Located in the interatrial septum. |
| Arrhythmia | Abnormal heart rhythm |
| Pyometra | Pus in the uterus. |
| Ovariohysterectomy | Surgical removal of the ovaries, uterine tubes, and uterus. "Spay" OHE/OVH |
| Brachycephalic | Head shape that is short, wide; "flat" muzzle (boston terriers, boxers) |
| Dolichephalic | Head shape that is long, narrow (collies, greyhounds) |
| Mesocephalic | Head shape that is proportionate, average width and length (labrador retrievers, beagles) |
| Vertebral formula | Dogs and cats- C7,T13,L7,S3,Cy6-23 |
| Left Atrioventricular valve | Left AV vlave, Mitral valve, bicuspid valve; controls the opening between the left atrium and left ventricle. |
| Right Atrioventricular valve | Right AV, tricuspid valve (because it has 3 points, or cusps); controls the opening between the right atrium and right ventricle. |
| Cranial | Toward the head. |
| Caudal | Toward the tail. |
| Dorsal | Refers to the back. |
| Ventral | Refers to the belly or underside of a body part. |
| Proximal | Nearest the midline or nearest to the beginning or a structure. |
| Distal | Farthest from the midline or farthest from a structure. |
| Rostral | Toward the nose-end of the head. |
| Medial | Toward the midline. |
| Lateral | Away from the midline. |
| Lateral Recumbency | Lying down on the side. |
| Dorsal Recumbency | Lying on the back. |
| Sternal/Ventral Recumbency | Lying on the belly or chest. |
| Midsagittal plane | A plane that divides the body into equal left and right halves; aka the median and midline plane(s) |
| Sagittal plane | A plane that divides the body into unequal left and right parts. |
| Transverse plane | A plane that divides the body into cranial and caudal parts; AKA the horizontal plane or cross-section plane. May also be used to describe a perpendicular transection to the long axis of an appendage. |
| Dorsal plane | A plane that divides the body into dorsal (back) and ventral (belly) parts; AKA the Frontal or Coronal plane. |
| BAR | Bright Alert Responsive |
| DAR | |
| QAR | Quiet Alert Responsive |
| RBC | Red Blood Cell (Erythrocyte) |
| WBC | White Blood Cell (Leukocyte) |
| CRT | Capillary Refill Time (<2 seconds) |
| HX | History |
| DX | Diagnosis |
| NPO | Nothing by mouth (non per os) |
| PO | orally (per os) |
| IV | Intravenous |
| IM | Intramuscular |
| SQ | Subcutaneous |
| SID | Once daily (q24h) |
| BID | Twice daily (bis in die) |
| TID | Three times daily (ter in die) |
| SX | Surgery |
| TPR | Temperature Pulse Respieration |
| PE | Physical examination |
| AU | Both ears |
| OU | Both eyes |
| AS | Left ear |
| AD | Right ear |
| OS | Left eye |
| OD | Right eye (also Overdose) |
| Adren/o Adrenal/o | Adrenal glands |
| Nephr/o Ren/o | Kindey |
| Myel/o | Spinal cord or bone marrow; "White substance" |
| Onc/o | Tumor |
| Immune/o | Protected, safe, or immune |
| Urethr/o | Urethra |
| Hemat/o Hem/o | Blood |
| Cardi/o | Heart |
| Chrondr/o Chondri/o | Cartilage |
| Pharyng/o | Throat (Pharynx) |
| Pneum/o, pneumon/, pneu- | Lung or Air |
| Cyst/o cyst- -cyst | Urinary bladder Bag or Bladder |
| Gastr/o | Stomach |
| Hepat/o | Liver |
| Cost/o | Rib(s) |
| Angi/o Angi- | Vessel |
| Aden/o | Gland |
| Oste/o Oss/e Oss/i | Bone |
| Hypoadrenocortism (Addison's disease) | Disorder caused by deficient adrenal cortex function |
| Hyperadrenocortism (Cushings) | Disorder caused by excessive adrenal cortex production of glucocorticoid, resulting in polyuria, hyperdipsia, and redistribution of body fat. |
| Bradycardia | Abnormally slow heart RATE |
| IVDD | Intervertebral Disc Disease: rupture or protrusion of the cushioning disc |
| GDV | Gastric Dilation Volvulus: Condition usually seen in deep-chested nanines in which the stomach fills with air, expands, and twists on itself. |
| USG | Urine Specific Gravity: Measurement that reflects the amount of wastes, minerals, and solids in urine. |
| Peri- | Around |
| -lysis | Separation or breakdown (ex. Urinalysis - separation of the urine into its constituents). |
| Endo- | Within or inside |
| -ectomy | Surgical removal |
| -(o)stomy | Surgically created opening |
| -(o)tomy | Cutting into |
| -pathy | Disease (ex. enteropathy = disease of the small intestine) |
| -pexy | Suture to stabilize (ex. gastropexy = surgically stablilizing the stomach to the abdominal wall) |
| Ab- | Away from (the midline) |
| Add- | Towards (the midline) |
| Tachy- | Abnormally fast or rapid |
| Brady- | Abnormally slow |
| Epi- | upon, above, on, upper |
| What does the skeletal system do? | Forms the framework that supports and protects the body. Within the bone is the red marrow, which forms RBCs, WBC, and clotting cells. Joints aid movement, cartilage protects the ends of bones where they meet. |
| What does the muscular system do? | Contact and produce movement; ambulation (running, walking); contractions of organs or tissues that result in normal body functions. |
| What does the gastrointestinal system do? | Responsible for the intake and digestion of food and water, the absorption of nutrients, and the elimination of solid waste products. |
| What is the function of the small intestine? | Digestion of food and absorption for animals not needing extensive fermentation. Once food is digested, it forms a milky fluid (chyle) which is absorbed through the intestinal wall and travels via the thoracic duct where it passes into the veins |
| What is the function of the large intestine? | Further absorption of ingesta, contains microbes to aid in digestion, leads to eventual expulsion of waste material. |
| What does the urinary system do? | Main responsibility is the removal of wastes from the body by constantly filtering blood. Major waste product is urea, which is filtered by the kidneys; maintains balance of water, electrolytes, and acids in body fluids and removes excess fluids. |
| What does the cardiovascular system do? | Delivers oxygen, nutrients, and hormones to the body tissues and transports waste products; "circulatory system" is divided into systemic circulation and pulmonary circulation. |
| What does the respiratory system do? | Brings oxygen from the air into the body for delivery via the blood cells; picks up CO2 and carries it back to the lungs where it is expelled. |
| Where should the pulse be taken from? | |
| What is the term when two bones are connected? | |
| Draw three recognizable deflections waves on an ECG. | |
| Canine skeleton/horse leg bones and joints |
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ahaggan001
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