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Chapterr 2

QuestionAnswer
constitution A nation's basic law. It creates political institutions, assign or divides powers in government, and often provides certain guarantees to citizens.
Declaration of Independence listed the colonists grievances against the British, was adopted on July 4, 1776
Natural Rights rights inherent in human beings, not dependent on government
Consent of the governed government derives its authority by sanction of the people
limited government certain restrictions should be placed on government to protect natural rights of citizens
Articles of Confederation The first document to govern the United States, it was adopted in 1777 and ratified in 1781. It established a confederation, a “league of friendship and perpetual union” among 13 states and former colonies.
Shay's Rebellion Series of attacks on courthouses by a small band of farmers led by Revolutionary War Captain Daniel Shays to block foreclosure proceedings.
U.S. Constitution ratified to strengthen congressional economic powers, even with disagreements over issues of equality.
factions Interest groups arising from the unequal distribution of property or wealth that James Madison attacked in Federalist Paper No. 10.
New Jersey Plan equal representation in states
Virginia Plan population-based representation
Connecticut Compromise The compromise reached at the Constitution Convention that established two house of Congress: the House of Representatives, in which representation is based on state's share of the U.S population, & the Senate, in which each state has 2 representatives.
writ of habeas corpus A court order requiring jailers to explain to a judge why they are holding a prisoner in custody.
separation of powers An important part of the Masisonian model that requires each of the 3 branches of government (executive, legislature, judicial) to be relatively independent of the others so that one cannot control the others. Power is shared among these 3 institutions.
checks and balances Part of the Madisonian model designed to limit governmental power by requiring that power be balanced among the different governmental institutions. These institutions continually check one another's activities.
republic A form of government in which the people select representatives to govern them and make laws
Federalists Supporters of the U.S Constitution at the time the states were contemplating its adoption.
Anti- Federalists Opponents of the Constitution at the time when the states were contemplating it's adoption. They argued that the Constitution was a class-based document, that is would erode fundamental liberties, and that it would weaken the power of the states.
Federalist Papers A collection of 85 articles written by Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, and James Madison under the name “Publius” to defend the Constitution
Bill of Rights The first 10 amendments to the U.S. Constitution, drafted in response to some of the Anti-Federalist concerns about the lack of basic liberties
Equal Rights Amendment Constitutional amendment introduced in 1923 & passed by Congress in 1972 & sent to the state legislature for ratification, stating that "equality of rights under the law shall not be denied or abridged by the U.S or by any state on account of sex".
Marbury v Madison The 1803 case in wich Cheif Justice John Marshall and his associates first asserted the right of the Sepreme Courts to determine the meaning of the U.S Constitution.
judicial review The power of the courts to determine whether acts of Congress, and by implication the executive, are in accord with the U.S Constitution.
Created by: lazaaly14
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