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chabner chapter 7

chabner medical terminology

Question	Answer
abcess	collection of pus
acetone	ketone body produced in abnormal amounts in uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, when ther eis excessive fat breakdown in cells
albuminuria	protein in the urine
antidiuretic hormone	pituitary gland hormone that normally stimulates the kidney to decrease production of urin, preventing excess loss of water. also called vasopressin
caliectasis	dilation of calyx (calix)
caliceal	Pertaining to a calyx.
cystitis	Inflammation of the urinary bladder
cystectomy	Removal of the urinary bladder
cystostomy	New opening of the bladder to the outside of the body
glomerular	Pertaining to a glomerulus.
meatal stenosis	Narrowing of the meatus (opening of the urethra to the outside of the body).
meatotomy	Incision of the meatus
paranephric	Pertaining to near the kidney.
nephropathy	Disease of the kidney.
nephrolithotomy	Incision to remove a kidney stone
nephrosclerosis	Hardening of the kidney (arterioles).
hydronephrosis	Condition of excess fluid (water) in the kidney
nephrostomy	New opening of the kidney to the outside of the body
pyelolithotomy	Incision of the renal pelvis to remove a stone
pyelogram	Record (x-ray) of the renal pelvis
renal ischemia	Holding back of blood flow to the kidney
renal colic	Kidney pain resulting from a stone in the ureter or kidney.
trigonitis	Inflammation of the trigone (area in the bladder).
ureteroplasty	Surgical repair of a ureter
ureterolithotomy	Incision of a ureter to remove a stone
ureteroileostomy	New opening between a ureter and the ileum (for removal of urine after cystectomy).
urethritis	Inflammation of the urethra
urethroplasty	Surgical repair of the urethra.
urethral stricture	Narrowing of the urethra
perivesical	Pertaining to surrounding the bladder.
vesicoureteral reflux	Backflow of urine from the bladder into the ureters.
albuminuria	Protein in the urine
azotemia	Nitrogen (increased amounts of nitrogenous wastes) in the blood.
bacteriuria	Bacteria in the urine
polydispia	Condition of increased thirst
ketosis	Abnormal condition of ketones in the blood and body tissues.
ketonuria	Ketone bodies (acids and acetone) in the urine.
nephrolithiasis	Abnormal condition of kidney stones.
nocturia	Excessive urination at night.
oliguria	Scanty urination.
erythropoietin	Hormone secreted by the kidney to increase red blood cell formation in the bone marrow.
pyuria	Pus in the urine.
lithotripsy	Process of crushing a stone in the urinary tract.
uremia	Urea (urine) in the blood; a potentially fatal condition
enuresis	Bedwetting (literally, “in urine”).
diuresis	Condition of complete (excessive) urination.
antidiuretic hormone	Secreted by the pituitary gland and helps to reabsorb water from the renal tubules back into the bloodstream
dysuria	Difficult, painful urination.
anuria	No urine is produced
hematuria	Blood in the urine.
glycosuria	Sugar in the urine
polyuria	Excessive urination.
arteriole	Small artery
azotemia	Excess of nitrogenous waste products in the blood; uremia.
bacteriuria	Bacteria in the urine.
bowman capsule	Enclosing structure surrounding each glomerulus (ball of capillaries) in the outer section (cortex) of the kidney.
caliceal	Pertaining to a calyx (cup-shaped collecting chamber in the central portion of the kidney).
calyx	Cup-shaped collecting region in the renal pelvis (central section of the kidney).
catheter	Tube for injecting or removing fluids
cortex	Outer region of an organ; renal cortex is the outer region of the kidney.
cortical	Pertaining to the cortex (outer region of an organ).
creatinine	Nitrogen-containing waste product of muscle metabolism; excreted by the kidney in urine.
creatinine clearance test	Measures the rate at which creatinine is cleared from the blood by the kidney.
cystectomy	Excision (removal) of the urinary bladder.
cystitis	Inflammation of the urinary bladder.
cystoscopy	Visual (endoscopic) examination of the urinary bladder.
cystostomy	New opening of the urinary bladder to the outside of the body.
diabetes insipidus	Abnormal condition of inadequate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) from the pituitary gland. Patients experience polyuria (excessive urination) and polydipsia (excessive thirst).
diabetes mellitus	Abnormal condition of no insulin or inadequate insulin secretion from the pancreas. This leads to hyperglycemia (high blood sugar) and glycosuria (sugar in the urine).
diuresis	Increased excretion of urine by the kidneys. A diuretic is an agent that increases diuresis, such as tea, coffee or water.
dysuria	Painful urination
electrolyte	Chemical element that carries an electrical charge when dissolved in water. Examples are sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+) and chloride (Cl-).
cali/o calic/o	calyx
glomerul/o	glomerulus
meat/o	meatus
nephr/o	kidney
peyl/o	renal pelvis
ren/o	kidney
trigon/o	trigone
ureter/o	ureter
urethr/o	urethra
vesic/o	urinary bladder
albumin/o	albumin
azot/o	nitrogen
bacteri/o	bacteria
dips/o	thirst
ket/o keton/o	ketones
lith/o	stones
noct/o	night
olig/o	scanty
-poietin	substance that forms
py/o	pus
-tripsy	to crush
ur/o	urine (urea)
urin/o	urine
-uria	urination; urine condition
ADH	antidiuretic hormone (vasopressin)
ARF	acute renal failure
bili	bilirubin
CAPD	continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis
cath	catheter, catheterization
CCPD	continuous cycling peritoneal dialysis
CKD	chronic kidney disease
Cl-	Chloride
CRF	Chronic renal failure
C&S	culture and sensitivity testing (to determine antibiotic effectiveness against bacteria)
cysto	cystopic exam
ESRD	end stage renal disease
HCO3-	bicarbonate (an electrolyte)
HD	hemodialysis
IC	interstitial cystitis (chronic inflammation of the bladder wall, not caused by bacterial infection and not responsive to conventional antibiotic therapy)
K+	potassium
KUB	kidney, ureter, bladder
PD	peritoneal dialysis
pH	symbol for degree of acidity or alkalinity
PKD	polycystic kidney disease
Name test for sugar in urine	glucose
Name test for level of bile pigment in urine	bilirubin
Name test for hematuria	color
Name test for albumin in urine	protein
Name test for structures in the shape of renal tubules in urine	sediment
Name test for chemical reaction of urine	pH
Name test for dilution or concentration of urine	specific gravity
Name test for acetones in urine	ketones
Name test for pus in urine	appearance
vesicoureteral reflux	backflow of urine from bladder to ureters
glomerulonephritis	inflammation of kidney glomerulus
interstitial nephritis	inflammation of the renal interstitium (connective tissue that lies between the renal tubules)
nephroliathiasis	kidney stones
nephrotic syndrome	a group of clinical signs and symptoms caused by excessive protein loss in urine
polycystic kidney disease (PKD)	multiple fluid filld sacs within and on kidney
pyelonephritis	inflammation of renal pelvis and renal medulla
renal cell carcinoma (hypernephroma)	cancerous tumor of the kidney in adulthood
renal failure	failure of the kidney to excrete wastes and maintain its filtration function
renal hypertension	high blood pressure resulting from kidney disease
wilms tumor	malignant tumor of the kidney occuring in childhood
diabetes mellitus	inadequate secretion or imporoper utilization of insulin
diabetes insipidus	inadequate secretion or resistance of the kidney to the action of ADH

Created by: momswann

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