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Phys3 Fnc Anatomy

Phys3 Fnc Anatomy & basic processes of Kidney

QuestionAnswer
Read vander p2-4 for functions of kidney
Cortex of the Kidney Granular outer region that contains the glomeruli and tubules.
Medulla of the Kidney Darker inner region that contains: 1.NO glomeruli. 2.Parallel arrangement of tubules. 3.small Blood vessels.
Medullary pyramids the collecting ducts from a large portion of the medulla. Goes from cortex to minor calyces.
How are nephrons catagorized? by the location of the renal corpuscle in the cortex: 1.Superficial nephron (Only extend into outer medulla). 2.Mid-cortical nephron. 3.juxtamedullary nephron (extend down into inner medulla).
Capillary endothelium in the glomerulus allow passage of everything except? 1.Blood cells. 2.Platelets. 3.Large plasma proteins (ex: albumin)
Juxtaglomerular apparatus 1.Extraglomerular matrix: cont w/ smooth muscle cells of afferent and efferent arterioles. 2.Macula densa: specialized epithlium of thick ascending limb where it contacts glomerulus. 3.Granular (juxtaglom) cells: in wall of afferent arteriole.
What is the function of the Granular (juxtaglomerular) cells Production, storage, & regulation of renin.
Are the resistances in the afferent and efferent arterioles High or Low? HIGH
What does the efferent arteriole turn into? it travels deep into the medulla and turns into the hair pin loop called the VASA RECTA
Is the pressure in the peritubular capillary high or low? LOW. **good for providing O2 and nutrients and removing waste.
Renal Corpuscle consists of 1.Glomerulus. 2.Bowman's capsule. 3.Bownan's space (this is where fluid filters).
3 layers of the Filtration barrier 1.Capillary endothelium. 2.Glomerular basement membrane. 3.Layer of epithelial podocytes. **allows fluid movement, restricts protein movement.
Filtration slits Formed between in the spaces b/w pedicles of podocytes. **Covered in neg charged glycoproteins so filtration favors + charged solutes.
What do mesangial cells secrete and what happens when they contract 1.Secrete extracellular matrix. 2.DECREASE surface area when they contract.
What do macula densa cells detect? Salt. **Contribute to GFR and renin secretion.
JGA contributes to control of 1.RBF & GFR. 2.Na+ balance. 3.Systemic BP.
Innervation of the Kidney Mostly SNS **no significant PNS
Filtration Fluid goes from glomerulus into Bowman's Capsule.
Secretion Moves from pericapillary, across basolateral then apical membranes to lumen of tubule
Reabsorption Moves from the tubule lumen, across apical then basolateral membranes back into pericapillary.
What does freely filtered mean? Substance presents in the filtrate at the same concentration as found in the plasma. **Protein binding will decrease filtration.
Glomerular filtrate Fluid that has left the BL and entered bowman's capsule protein free.
Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) VOLUME of filtrate per TIME. 1.L/day:180. 2.ml/min:125.
When do you put a patient on dialysis? when GFR drops below 12ml/min
Main functions of Proximal tubule 1.Reabsorbs 2/3 of filtered water, Na, Cl. 2.Reabsorbs all of the organic substances (glucose, aa's). 3.Secretes waste and drugs (penicillin, morphine, urate)
Main Function of Loop of henle(thin descending & ascending, thick ascending) Allow Na+ and Water movement in order to creat a hyposmotic solution entering the distal convoluted tubule.
main function of Distal & Connecting tubules Reabsorb additional salt and water.
what are the cortical collecting tubules & ducts regulated by? their effects? 1.Aldosterone: Inc Na+ reabsorption & Inc K+ secretion. 2.ADH: Inc water reabsorption.
With aldosterone present, do you have more or less Na+ present in urine? LESS
With ADH, is urine more concentrated or dilute? Concentrated (due to water reabsroption)
Organs influencing Hormonal control over the Kidney 1.Adrenal cortex: aldosterone & cortisol. 2.Adrenal medulla: Epi & NE. 3.Pituitary (AVP/ADH). 4.Heart (ANP).
What effect does Cortisol have on the kidneys? Inc GFR b/c it Inc glomerular BF.
What does SNS control in the kidenys? 1.RBF. 2.GFR. 3.Renin release.
Created by: WeeG
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