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HANI
25 cases
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Marbury vs. Madison | Marbury versus Madison premise of the case is that the Supreme Court to declare unconstitutional, and decision established the doctrine of judicial review, which recognizes the authority of courts to declare statutes unconstitutional. |
| Marbury vs. Madison Questions | Is Marbury entitled to his appointment? Is his lawsuit the correct way to get it? And, is the Supreme Court the place for Marbury to get the relief he requests? |
| Marbury vs. Madison Conclusion/Outcome | Outcome was 6 votes for Madison and 0 votes against him. |
| McCullough vs. Maryland | States cannot tax the federal government ("the power to tax is the power to destroy"); confirmed constitutionality of the Bank of the United States and "loose" / "broad" interpretation of the Constitution; MC (1819) |
| McCullough vs. Maryland Questions | The case presented two questions: Did Congress have the authority to establish the bank? Did the Maryland law unconstitutionally interfere with congressional powers? |
| McCullough vs. Maryland Conclusion/Outcome | 7 votes for McCulloch, 0 vote(s) against, and was decided through US Const. Art 1, Section 8 Clauses 1 and 18 |
| Gibbons vs. Ogden | Enhanced authority of Congress to regulate interstate commerce. (1824) |
| Gibbons vs. Ogden Questions | Did the State of New York exercise authority in a realm reserved exclusively to Congress, namely, the regulation of interstate commerce? |
| Gibbons vs. Ogden Conclusion/Outcome | 6 Votes for Gibbons and 0 votes against it, and was decided through US Const. Art 1, Section 8, Clause 3; Act of February 1793, Section 1, Clause 8. |
| Barron vs. Baltimore | the supreme court had decided that the government be the only thing restrained in the Bill of Rights, states/cities excluded. |
| Barron vs. Baltimore Question | Does the Fifth Amendment deny the states as well as the national government the right to take private property for public use without justly compensating the property's owner? |
| Barron vs. Baltimore Outcome | The 5th Amendment prevents the unlawful and unethical abuse of power undertaken by a governing body through the implementation of the legal instrument of ‘Due Process’ |
| Dred Scott vs. Sandford | 1857, slaves are not citizens. |
| Dred Scott vs. Sandford Outcome | Dred Scott was a slave. Under Articles III and IV, argued Taney, no one but a citizen of the United States could be a citizen of a state, and that only Congress could confer national citizenship. Decision: 7 votes for Sandford, 2 vote(s) against |
| Dred Scott vs. Sandford Question? | Was Dred Scott a slave or not? |
| Plessy vs. Ferguson | 1896, separate but equal. White and Blacks separate schools and public areas but equal rights. |
| Plessy vs. Ferguson Question? | Is Louisiana's law mandating racial segregation on its trains an unconstitutional infringement on both the privileges and immunities and the equal protection clauses of the Fourteenth Amendment? |
| Plessy vs. Ferguson Outcome | 7 votes for Ferguson, 1 vote(s) against. No, the state law is within constitutional boundaries. The majority, in an opinion authored by Justice Henry Billings Brown, upheld state-imposed racial segregation. |
| Schneck vs. US | 1919--Case involving limits on free speech. Established the "clear and present danger" principle. |
| Schneck vs. US Question | Are Schenck's actions (words, expression) protected by the free speech clause of the First Amendment? |
| Schneck vs. US Outcome | 9 votes for United States, 0 vote(s) against. Holmes, speaking for a unanimous Court, concluded that Schenck is not protected in this situation. The character of every act depends on the circumstances. |
| Korematsu v. U. S. | 1941--he court upheld the constitutionality of detention camps for Japanese-Americans during World War 2. |
| Korematsu v. U. S. Question? | Did the President and Congress go beyond their war powers by implementing exclusion and restricting the rights of Americans of Japanese descent? |
| Korematsu v. U. S. Outcome | 6 votes for United States, 3 vote(s) against. The Court sided with the government and held that the need to protect against espionage outweighed Korematsu's rights. |
| Brown vs. Board of Education of Topeka | (1954) the U.S. Supreme court held that Ethnic minorities have no rights to equal treatment by the government. Public school segregation of races violates the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. |
| Brown vs. Board of Education of Topeka CONT.. | The national government does not have the power to force any type of actipn on local school boards. |
| Brown vs. Board of Education of Topeka Questions? | Does the segregation of children in public schools solely on the basis of race deprive the minority children of the equal protection of the laws guaranteed by the 14th Amendment? |
| Brown vs. Board of Education of Topeka Outcome | 9 votes for Brown, 0 vote(s) against. Yes. Despite the equalization of the schools by "objective" factors, intangible issues foster and maintain inequality. |
| Mapp vs. Ohio | Established exclusionary rule; illegally obtained evidence cannot be used in court; Warren Court's judicial activism. |
| Mapp vs. Ohio Question | Were the confiscated materials protected by the First Amendment? (May evidence obtained through a search in violation of the Fourth Amendment be admitted in a state criminal proceeding? |
| Mapp vs. Ohio Outcome | 6 votes for Mapp, 3 vote(s) against. The Court brushed aside the First Amendment issue and declared that "all evidence obtained by searches and seizures in violation of the Constitution is, by [the Fourth Amendment], inadmissible in a state court." |
| Buckley vs. Valeo | Limits on campaign contributions. |
| Buckley vs. Valeo Question | id the limits placed on electoral expenditures by the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971, and related provisions of the Internal Revenue Code of 1954, violate the First Amendment's freedom of speech and association clauses? |
| Buckley vs. Valeo Outcome | 7 votes for Buckley, 1 vote(s) against. |
| Regents of the University of California vs. Bakke | a quota-like ban on admission is unconstitutional but "diversity" is a legitimate goal that can be pursued by taking race into account. |
| Regents of the University of California vs. Bakke Question | Did the University of California violate the Fourteenth Amendment's equal protection clause? |
| Regents of the University of California vs. Bakke Outcome | 5 votes for Bakke, 4 vote(s) against. |
| Gideon vs. Wainwright | 1963 ruling that a defendant in a felony trial must be provided a lawyer free of charge if the defendant cannot afford one. |
| Gideon vs. Wainwright Question | Did the state court's failure to appoint counsel for Gideon violate his right to a fair trial and due process of law as protected by the Sixth and Fourteenth Amendments? |
| Gideon vs. Wainwright Outcome | 9 votes for Gideon, 0 vote(s) against. |
| Miranda vs. Arizona | 1966 ruling that upon arrest, a suspect has the right to remain silent and the right to consult with a lawyer. |
| Miranda vs. Arizona Question | Does the police practice of interrogating individuals without notifiying them of their right to counsel and their protection against self-incrimination violate the Fifth Amendment? |
| Miranda vs. Arizona Outcome | 5 votes for Miranda, 4 vote(s) against. |
| Griswold vs. Connecticut | 1965 decision that the Constitution implicitly guarantees citizens' right to privacy. |
| Griswold vs. Connecticut Question | Does the Constitution protect the right of marital privacy against state restrictions on a couple's ability to be counseled in the use of contraceptives? |
| Griswold vs. Connecticut Outcome | 7 votes for Griswold, 2 vote(s) against. |
| Roe vs. Wade | 1973 ruling that decriminalized abortion. |
| Roe vs. Wade Questions | Does the Constitution embrace a woman's right to terminate her pregnancy by abortion? |
| Roe vs. Wade Outcome | 7 votes for Roe, 2 vote(s) against. |
| Baker vs. Carr | "One man, one vote." Ordered state legislative districts to be as near equal as possible in population; Warren Court's judicial activism. |
| Baker vs. Carr Question | Did the Supreme Court have jurisdiction over questions of legislative apportionment? |
| Baker vs. Carr Outcome | 6 votes for Baker, 2 vote(s) against. |
| Gitlow vs. New York | Anarchist calling for overthrow of the government. Established precedent of federalizing Bill of Rights (applying them to States); States cannot deny freedom of speech - protected through due process clause of Amendment 14. |
| Gitlow vs. New York Questions | Is the New York law punishing advocacy to overthrow the government by force an unconstitutional violation of the free speech clause of the First Amendment? |
| Gitlow vs. New York Outcome | By virtue of the liberty protected by due process that no state shall deny (14th Amendment). |
| New York Times vs. Sullivan | 1964. Newspapers are not committing libel, as long as they thought their information was true at the time of publication. Memory trick- In NY times vs. Sullivan, if it's libel you're ok if you didn't know then. |
| New York Times vs. Sullivan Question | Did Alabama's libel law, unconstitutionally infringe on the First Amendment's freedom of speech and freedom of press protections? |
| New York Times vs. Sullivan Outcome | 9 votes for New York Times, 0 vote(s) against |
| Engel vs. Vitale | Prohibited state-sponsored recitation of prayer in public schools by virtue of 1st Amendment's establishment clause and the 14th Amendment's due process clause; Warren Court's judicial activism. |
| Engel vs. Vitale Questions | Does the reading of a nondenominational prayer at the start of the school day violate the "establishment of religion" clause of the First Amendment? |
| Engel vs. Vitale Outcome | 6 votes for Engel, 1 vote(s) against |
| Lemon vs. Kurtzman | The Court struck down a Pennsylvania law reimbursing parochial schools for textbooks and teacher salaries. Established a test. To pass a law. |
| Lemon vs. Kurtzman Cont. | 1. must have a primarily secular purpose; 2. its principal effect must neither aid nor inhibit religion; 3. must not create excessive entalgement between government and religion. |
| Lemon vs. Kurtzman Question | Did the Rhode Island and Pennsylvania statutes violate the First Amendment's Establishment Clause by making state financial aid available to "church- related educational institutions"? |
| Lemon vs. Kurtzman Outcome | 8 votes for Lemon, 0 vote(s) against. |
| New Jersey vs. T.L.O. | The Fourth Amendment prohibition on unreasonable searches applies to schools and public school officials. |
| New Jersey vs. T.L.O. Questions | Did the search violate the Fourth and Fourteenth Amendments? |
| New Jersey vs. T.L.O. Outcome | Citing the peculiarities associated with searches on school grounds, the Court abandoned its requirement that searches be conducted only when a "probable cause" exists that an individual has violated the law. |
| Gregg vs. Georgia | In 1976:Upheld new Georgia death penalty laws requiring dual-phase trial and special circumstances; capital punishment does not constitute cruel & unusual punishment of 8th Amendment. |
| Gregg vs. Georgia Question | Is the imposition of the death sentence prohibited under the Eighth and Fourteenth Amendments as "cruel and unusual" punishment? |
| Gregg vs. Georgia Outcome | 7 votes for Georgia, 2 vote(s) against. |
| U.S. vs. Nixon | 1974--The court rejected Richard Nixon's claim to an absolutely unqualified privilege against any judicial process. |
| U.S. vs. Nixon Question | Is the President's right to safeguard certain information, using his "executive privilege" confidentiality power, entirely immune from judicial review? |
| U.S. vs. Nixon Outcome | 8 votes for United States, 0 vote(s) against. |
| Bush vs. Gore | Gore promising with experience, Bush appealing by family influence and plans for presidency (tax cuts, education reform, defense, &c.) |
| Bush vs. Gore Questions | Did the Florida Supreme Court violate Article II Section 1 Clause 2 of the U.S. Constitution by making new election law? Do standardless manual recounts violate the Equal Protection and Due Process Clauses of the Constitution? |
| Bush vs. Gore Outcome | 5 votes for Bush, 4 vote(s) against. |
Created by:
Hani Ahmed
Popular American Government sets