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Supreme Court Cases
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Marbury v. Madison | (1803)Before leaving office, Adams appointed many federalist men, when Jefferson took office he attempted to replace these men. The case strengthened the judiciary branch of government. Gave the Supreme Court Judicial Review. |
| McCulloch v. Maryland | (1819)Maryland attempted to tax all notes of banks not chartered there, imposing on the Second Bank of the United States. Grants Congress implied powers and Federal Govt. is always supreme over State Govt. |
| Gibbons v. Ogden | (1824)The Supreme Court held that the power to regulate interstate commerce was granted to Congress by the Commerce Clause. |
| Barron v. Baltimore | (1833)The Supreme Court decided that the Bill of Rights, specifically the Fifth Amendment's guarantee that government takings of private property for public use require just compensation. Selective Incorporation began due to this. |
| Dred Scott v. Sanford | (1857)Ruling that stated people of African descent brought into the United States and held as slaves were not protected by the Constitution and could never be U.S. citizens. |
| Plessy v. Ferguson | (1896)The state of Louisiana enacted a law that required separate railway cars for blacks and whites. Plessy took a seat in a "whites only" car. He refused to move and was arrested. Set up separate but equal. |
| Schenck v. US | (1919)Schenck violated the Espionage act by sending out circulars to draftees speaking badly about WWI. Established clear and present danger test. |
| Korematsu v United States | (1944)During WWII Executive order 9066 allowed the exclusion of Japanese-Americans from areas deemed critical to national defense and potentially vulnerable to espionage. The court sided with the government and decided the order was constitutional. |
| Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka | (1954)Declared state laws establishing seperate schools for minorities unconstitutional. It overturned Plessy v. Ferguson. Decision stated that separate educational facilities are inherently unequal.Violates the Equal Protection Clause of the 14 amendment |
| Mapp v. Ohio | (1960)Mapp was convicted of possessing obscene materials after an admittedly illegal police search. Declared that all evidence obtained by searches and seizures in violation of the Constitution is, by the 4 amendment, inadmissible in a state court. |
| Buckley v. Valeo | (1975)Congress attempted to get rid of corruption in political campaigns by restricting financial contributions to canidates and limiting the amount an individual could give. The FECA was set up to enforce this. The court found no reason to restict this. |
| Regents of the University of California v. Bakke | (1977)Bakke applied to the medical program at this school twice and had been rejected both times due to affirmative action. The court ordered the school allow Bakke to attend, they claimed it violated the Civil Rights Act of 1964. |
| Gideon v. Wainwright | (1963)Gideon was charged with a felony, when he requested a lawyer he was denied, the lawyers the court stated appointed lawyers were only for capital cases. He represented himself and lost. The Court said he had a right to a lawyer by due process. |
| Miranda v. Arizona | (1965)In several cases suspects weren't given warnings of their rights at the outset of their interrogation. Set up the miranda rights. |
| Griswold v. Connecticut | (1964)She was convicted under a CT law which criminalized counselling, to married people on preventing conception. The 1st, 3rd, 4th, and 9th Amendments create a constitutional right to privacy in marital relations. The law was null and void. |
| Roe v. Wade | (1971)A resident of Texas sought to terminate her pregnancy by abortion. The state law prohibited abortions except to save the pregnant woman's life. The Court held that a woman's right to in the 14th Amendment. |
| Baker v. Carr | (1960)Allegedly a 1901 law designed to apportion the seats for the state's General Assembly was ignored. The Court held that there were no such questions to be answered in this case and that legislative apportionment was a justiciable issue. |
| Gitlow v. New York | (1922)He was arrested for giving out a left-wing manifesto that wanted socialism by strikes and class action. He was punished for advocating the overthrow of the govt. by force. The leg. may decide that any speech is dangerous and should be prohibited. |
| New York Times v. Sullivan | (1963)The arrest of MLK for perjury in Alabama intended to destroy his efforts to integrate public facilities and encourage blacks to vote. A libel action was filed against the newspaper. The case failed, b/c the 1st amendment protects all statements. |
| Engel v. Vitale | (1961)New York authorized a voluntary prayer for the start of each day, it attempted to defuse the politically potent issue. The courth used the edstablishment clause to eliminate all religious activities. |
| Lemon v. Kurtzman | (1970)Pennsylvania and Rhode Island made aid availabe to church-related educational insititutions. The separation of church and state is an issue. Any parochial school can not receive federal aid due to the three-part test set up by Chief Justice Burger. |
| New Jersey v. T.L.O. | (1983) A principal at a New Jersey school searched a girls bag and found illegal drugs. The court was in favor of New Jersey. They stated the search did not violate the constitution, because of search and seizure. |
| Gregg v. Georgia | (1975)Gregg was sentenced to death, he tried to appeal this on the lines of cruel and unusual punishment which violated the 8th and 14th amendments. The court decided this did not violate the amendments, that it may be used in extreme court cases. |
| US v. Nixon | (1974)Nixon was ordered to hand over tapes from the oval office, which he refused because of executive privilege. The court granted that executive privilege was limited in military or diplomatic affiars, so Nixon was forced to give up the tapes. |
| Bush v. Gore | (2000)Bush filed a request for review in the S.C. and sought an emergency petiton for a stay of the Florida S.C. decision because Florida ordered that the ballots from Miamidade county be recounted. The recount violated the Equal Protection Clause. |
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shelbycarey
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