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AP U.S Government
Chapter 9
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Bureaucracy | A set of complex hierarchical departments, agencies, commissions, and their staffs that exist to help a chief executive officer carry out his duties. Bureaucracies may be private organizations or governmental units. |
| Spoils System | The firing of public-office holders of a defeated political party in order to replace them with loyalists of the newly elected party. |
| Patronage | Jobs, grants, or other special favors that are given as rewards to friends and political allies for their support. |
| Pendleton Act | Reform measure that created the Civil Service Commission to administer a partial merit system. The act classified the federal service by grades, to which appointments were made based on the results of a competitive exam. |
| Civil Service System | The legal system by which many federal bureaucrats are selected. |
| Merit System | The system by which federal civil service jobs are classified into grades or levels, and appointments are made on the basis of performance on competitive exams. |
| Independent Regulatory Commission | An agency created by Congress that is generally concerned with a specific aspect of the economy. |
| Departments | Major administrative unit with responsibility for a broad area of government operations. Departmental status usually indicates a permanent national interest in a particular governmental function, such as defense, commerce, or agriculture. |
| Governmental Corporations | Businesses established by Congress to perform functions that can be provided by private businesses. |
| Independent Executive Agencies | Governmental units that closely resemble a Cabinet department but have narrower areas of responsibility (such as the Central Intelligence Agency) and are not part of any Cabinet department |
| Hatch Act | The 1939 act to prohibit civil servants from taking activist roles in partisan campaigns. Prohibited federal employees from making political contributions, working for a particular party, or campaigning for a particular candidate |
| Federal Employees Political Activities Act | The 1993 liberalization of the Heath Act. Federal employees are now allowed to run for office in nonpartisan elections and to contribute money to campaign in partisan elections. |
| Implementation | The process by which a law or policy is put into operation by the bureaucracy. |
| Iron Triangles | The relatively stable relationships and patterns of interaction that occur among agencies, interest groups, and congressional committees or subcommittees. |
| Issue Network | The loose and informal relationships that exist among a large number of actors who work in broad policy areas. |
| Interagency Councils | Working groups created to facilitate coordination of policy making and implementation across a host of governmental agencies. |
| Administrative Discretion | The ability of bureaucrats to make choices concerning the best way to implement congressional intentions. |
| Rule Making | A quasi-legislative administrative process that has the characteristics of a legislative act. |
| Regulations | Rules that govern the operation of a particular government program that have the force of law. |
| Administrative Adjudication | A quasi-judicial process in which a bureaucratic agency settles disputes between two parties in a manner similar to the way courts resolve disputes. |
| Executive Order | Rules or regulations issued by the president that have the effect of law. All executive orders must be published in the Federal Register. |
Created by:
khelmick
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