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CHAPTER 5 POSITIONIN
FINAL EVAL CHAPTER 5
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| HOW MANY CARPAL BONES ARE FOUND IN THE WRIST?14, 5, 7, 8 | 8 |
| THE JOINT FOUND BETWEEN THE BASE OF THE THIRD METACARPAL AND CARPAL BONE IS THE? intercarpal, interphalangeal, carpometacarpal, proximal metacarpophalangeal | CARPOMETACARPAL |
| WHICH OF THE CARPALS ARTICULATE WITH THE RADIUS? triquetrum, scaphoid, pisiform, hamate | SCAPHOID |
| WHICH OF THE CARPAL BONES IS CONSIDERED TO BE THE LARGEST? hamate, triquetrum, trapezium, capitate | CAPITATE |
| WHICH ONE OF THE CARPAL BONES ARTICULATES WITH THE THUMB? hamate, trapezium, lunate, trapezoid | TRAPEZIUM |
| WHAT IS THE SYNONYM FOR THE TRAPEZOID? lesser multangular, os magnum, greater multangular, unciform | LESSER MULTANGULAR |
| WHICH IS THE MOST COMMONLY FRACTURED CARPAL BONE? lunate, scaphoid, trapezium, hamate | SCAPHOID |
| WHICH OF THE CARPAL BONES ARTICULATE WITH THE BASE OF THE FIFTH METACARPAL? hamate, trapezium, trapezoid, capitate | HAMATE |
| WHICH CARPAL BONE IS THE SMALLEST? scaphoid, hamate, capitate, pisiform | PISIFORM |
| WHAT IS THE NAME OF THE JOINT FOUND BETWEEN THE PROXIMAL AND DISTAL PHALANGES OF THE FIRST DIGIT? proximal interphalangeal, distal interphalangeal, metacarpophalangeal, interphalangeal | INTERPHALANGEAL |
| WHICH BONY STRUCTURES IS FOUND ON THE DISTAL ASPECT OF THE ULNA? coronoid process , head olceranon process, radial notch | HEAD |
| WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING STRUCTURE IS NOT PART OF THE ULNA? styloid process, radial notch, ulnar notch, coronoid tubercle | ULNAR NOTCH |
| WHICH ONE OF THE FOLLOWING STRUCTURES IS CONSIDERED TO BE MOST PROXIMAL? head of ulna, coronoid process, olecranon process, radial tuberosity | OLECRANON PROCESS |
| WHICH ONE OF THE FOLLOWING STRUCTURES IS CONSIDERED TO BE MOST LATERAL? capitulum, proximal radioulnar joint, trochlea, coronoid tubercle | CAPITULUM |
| WHICH ONE OF THE FOLLOWING STRUCTURES IS CONSIDERED TO BE MOST POSTERIOR? coronoid process, radial tuberosity, trochlea, olecranon process | OLECRANON PROCESS |
| WHICH ONE OF THE FOLLOWING STRUCTURES IS CONSIDERED TO BE MOT DISTAL? radial head, styloid process, radial tuberosity, capitulum | STYLOID PROCESS |
| WHICH TWO STRUCTURES PRIMARILY FORM THE HING-LIKE STRUCTURE AND MOVEMENT OF THE ELBOW JOINT? trochlea and olecranon process, capitulum and trochlea, coronoid process and coronoid fossa, coronoid fossa and trochlea | TROCHLEA AND OLECRANON PROCESS |
| WHAT IS THE NAME OF THE TWO SMALL DEPRESSIONS FOUND ON THE ANTERIOR ASPECT OF TEH DISTAL HUMERUS? trochlea andcapitulum, olecranon and coronoid fossa, radial and coronoid fossa, olecranon and radial fossa | RADIAL AND CORONOID FOSSA |
| THE HEAD OF THE RADIUS ARTICULATES WITH THE ... trochlea, ulnar notch, coronoid fossa, capitulum | CAPITULUM |
| WHICH TWO STRUCTURES FORM THE DISTAL RADIOULNAR JOINT? radial notch and radial head, ulnar notch, and head of ulna, radial tuberosity and ulnar notch, coronoid tubercle and radial notch | ULNAR NOTCH AND HEAD OF ULNA |
| WHAT TWO BONY LANDMARKS ARE PALAPATED FOR POSITIONING OF THE ELBOW? radial and ulnar styloid processes, humeral epicondyles, humeral condyles, trochlea and capitulum | HUMERAL EPICONDYLES |
| THE SMOOTH DEPRESSED, CENTER PORTION OF THE TROCHLEA IS TERMED THE...trochlear notch, trochlear fossa, trochlear depression, trochlear sulcus | TROCHLEAR SULCUS |
| THE INTERPHALANGEAL JOINTS HAVE WHAT TYPE OF JOINT MOVEMENT? plane, sellar, ellipsoidal, ginglymus | GINGLYMUS |
| THE RADIOCARPAL JOINT HAS WHAT TYPE OF MOVEMENT?ellipsoidal, plane, ginglymus, trochoidal | ELLIPSOIDAL |
| A GINGLYMUS JOINT CAN ALSO BE REFERRED TO AS... condyloid, hinge, saddle, pivot | HINGE |
| A PIVOT JOINT IS REFERRED TO AS...ginglymus, sellar, trochoidal, plane | TROCHOIDAL |
| AN ELLIPSOIDAL JOINT ALLOWS MOVEMENT IN HOW MANY DIRECTIONS? two, four, all directions, slight movement | FOUR |
| HOW MANY PRIMARY LIGAMENTS SUPPORT THE WRIST JOINT?two, four, six, eight | FOUR |
| THE BENDING OR FORCING OF THE HAND TOWARD THE LATERAL SIDE OF THE FOREARM IS KNOWN AS (WITH HAND PRONATED, PA PROJECTION) radial flexion, ulnar flexion, radial abduction, ulnar extension | ULNAR FLEXION |
| THE TWO FAT STRIPES OF THE WRIST ARE KNOWN AS THE SCAPHOID FAT STRIPE AND THE... pronator fat stripe, pisiform fat stripe, abductor fat stripe, anterior fat stripe | PRONATOR FAT STRIPE |
| THE ABSENCE OF THE FAT PADS ON A WELL-EXPOSED CORRECTLY POSITIONED LATERAL ELBOW RADIOGRAPH GENERALLY SUGGESTS... negative study for injury, positive study for injury, injury to the synovial joint, a congenital defect | NEGATIVE STUDY FOR INJURY |
| WHAT IS THE DISTANCE BETWEEN THE TABLE TOP AND BUCKY TRAY ON A FLOATING TABLE TOP TYPE TABLE IS...1/2-1 in, 1-2in, 2-3 in, 3-4 in | 3-4 INCHES (8-10CM) |
| A GENERAL POSITIONING RULE IS TO PLACE THE LONG AXIS OF THE PART _______ TO THE LONG AXIS OF THE FILM. perpendicular, adjacent, axial, parallel | PARALLEL |
| TO MINIMIZE DISTORTION GENERALLY REQUIRES THAT THE CR BE _____TO THE PART AND FILM. perpendicular, adjacent, axial, parallel | PERPENDICULAR |
| WHICH EXPOSURE FACTORS WOULD BE BEST FOR UPPER LIMB ? 80kvp600ma1/60sec small focal spot high speed screen, 64kvp200ma1/20sec large fs detail speed screen, 78kvp600ma/60sec small focal spot detail speed film, 64kvp200ma1/20sec small fs detail speed film | 64 KV 200MA 1/20 SECOND SMALL FOCAL SPOT |
| GRIDS GENERALLY ARE NOT REQUIRED UNLESS THE ANATOMY MEASURES GREATER THAN...8, 19, 12, | 10 CM |
| WHERE IS THE CR PLACED FOR A PA PROJECTION OF THE 3RD DIGIT? distal interphalangeal joint, metacarpophalangeal joint, head of 3rd metacarpal, proximal interphalangeal joint | PROXIMAL INTERPHALANGEAL JOINT |
| FROM A PRONATED POSITION, HOW MUCH OBLIQUITY IS REQUIRED FOR A PA OBLIQUE OF THE 4TH DIGIT? 20-25, 15-20, 30-35, 45 | 45 DEGREE |
| WHY IS IT RECOMMENDED THAT THE MEDIAL OBLIQUE BE PERFORMED RATHER THAN THE LATERAL OBLIQUE FOR THE 2ND DIGIT? minimize oid, more comfortable for patient, opens up joints better, improves radiographic contrast | MINIMIZE OID |
| WHERE IS THE CR PLACED FOR A PA PROJECTION OF THE HAND? 3rd pip joint, 3rd mcp joint, base of 3rd mc joint, 3rd distal ip joint | 3RD METACARPOPHALANGEAL JOING |
| HOW MUCH OBLIQUITY I REQUIRED FOR THE PA OBLIQUE OF THE HAND? 45, 30-35, 15-20, 5 degrees | 45 DEGREE |
| WHICH SPECIFIC ANATOMY IS BETTER VISUALIZED WITH A FAN LATERAL AS COMPARED WITH THE OTHER LATERAL PROJECTIONS OF THE HAND? metacarpals, carpals, phalanges, carpometacarpal joints | PHALANGES |
| WHICH LATERAL PROJECTION OF THE HAND WILL DEMONSTRATE DISPLACED FRACTURES OF THE METACARPALS? fan lateral, lateral in extension, lateral in flexion, all of the above | all of the above |
| WHICH PROJECTIONS OF THE WRIST WILL BEST DEMONSTRATE THE WRIST JOINT AND INTERCARPAL JOINTS IF PATIENT CAN ASSUME THE POSITION? ap, pa, gaynor-hart, 30 degree pa oblique | AP |
| WHY SHOULD THE HAND BE SLIGHTLY ARCHED FOR THE PA PROJECTION OF THE WRIST? more comfortable for patient, demonstrate any possible nondisplaced metacarpal fractures, open up the carpometacarpal joints, reduce the oid of the carpal bones | REDUCE THE OID OF TEH CARPAL BONES |
| HOW MUCH ROTATION IS REQUIRED FOR THE AP MEDIAL OBLIQUE OF THE ELBOW? 30, 90, 45, 20 | 45 DEGREES |
| HOW MUCH ELEVATION OF THE HAND IS REQUIRED FOR THE MODIFIED STRECHER METHOD?45, no elevation should be used, 5-10, 20 | 20 DEGREES |
| WHICH SPECIAL PROJECTION OF THE WRIST WILL OPEN UP THE INTERSPACES ON THE ULNAR SIDE OF THE WRIST?radial flexion, ulnar flexion, carpal canal, carpal bridge | RADIAL FLEXION |
| HOW MUCH CR ANGULATION TO THE LONG AXIS OF THE HAND IS REQUIRED FOR THE CARPAL CANAL PROJECTION? 10-15, 25-30, 25-45, 5-10 | 25-30 DEGREES |
| WHICH SPECIAL PROJECTION OF THE WRIST IS IDEAL FOR DEMONSTRATING POSSIBLE CALCIFICATION IN THE DORSAL ASPECT OF THE CARPALS?carpal bridge, carpal canal, ulnar flexion, radial flexion | CARPAL BRIDGE |
| WHICH ONE FO THE FOLLOWING ACTIONS WILL LEAD TO THE PROXIMAL RADIUS CROSSING OVER THE ULNA? supinate the hand, placing epicondyles parallel to film, pronate the hand, external rotation of elbow | PRONATE THE HAND |
| WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF PERFORMING THE PARTIALLY FLEXED PROJECTIONS OF THE ELBOW? provide view of the radial head and capitulum, separate radial head from ulna, provide ap perspective if pt cannot fully extend elbow, demonstrate possible elevated fat pad | TO PROVIDE AN AP PERSPECTIVE IF PATIENT CANNOT FULLY EXTEND ELBOW |
| WHICH BASIC PROJECTION OF THE ELBOW BEST DEMONSTRATES THE RADIAL HEAD AND TUBEROSITY FREE OF SUPERIMPOSITION? ap, lateral, ap oblique with medial rotation, ap oblique with lateral rotation | AP OBLIQUE WITH LATERAL ROTATION |
| WHICH BASIC PROJECTION OF THE ELBOW BEST DEMONSTRATES THE OLECRANON PROCESS IN PROFILE?ap, lateral, medial rotation oblique, lateral rotation, oblique | LATERAL |
| WHICH BASIC PROJECTION OF THEH ELBOW BEST DEMONSTRATES THE TROCHLEAR NOTCH? ap, lateral, medial rotation oblique, lateral rotation oblique | LATERAL |
| HOW SHOULD THE HUMERAL EPICONDYLES BE POSITIONED FOR A LATERAL PROJECTION OF THE ELBOW? parallel to film, perpendicular to film, 45 degrees to film, 30 degrees to film | PERPENDICULAR TO FILM |
| A RADIOGRAPH OF THE ELBOW DEMONSTRATES THE RADIUS DIRECTLY SUPERIMPOSED OVER THE ULNA AND THE CORONOID PROCESS IS IN PROFILE. WHICH PROJECTION OF THE ELBOW HAS BEEN PERFORMED? ap, lateral, lateral rotation oblique, coyle method | MEDIAL ROTATION OBLIQUE |
| WHICH BASIC POSITION OF THE ELBOW WILL BEST DEMONSTRATE THE POSTERIOR FAT PAD? | LATERAL |
| WITH THE RADIAL HEAD PROJECTIONS, WHAT IS THE ONLY DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE FOUR PROJECTIONS? | POSITION OF THE HAND / WRIST |
| WHAT IS ANOTHER NAME FOR THE ACUTE ELBOW FLEXION PROJECTION? | JONES METHOD |
| WHICH ONE OF THE FOLLOWING STATEMENTS IS NOT TRUE ABOUT AN AP PROJECTION OF THE HUMERUS FOR AN ADULT? use 14x17 cassette, place epicondyles parallel to film, pronate the hand, use a minimum 40 inch SID | PRONATE THE HAND |
| T/F THE SKIN DOSE FOR A LATERAL ELBOW IS IN THE 75-100 MRAD RANGE? | TRUE |
| A RADIOGRAPH OF A PA OBLIQUE OF THE HAND REVEALS THAT THEY MIDASPECT OF THE 4TH AND 5TH METACARPALS ARE PARTIALLY SUPERIMPOSED. WHAT POSITIONING ERROR HAS OCCURED? | EXCESSIVE LATERAL ROTATION |
| A RADIOGRAPH OF A PA PROJECTION OF THE HAND REVEALS THAT ALL OF TEH DISTAL RADIUS AND ULNA ARE PART OF THE PROXIMAL ROW OF CARPALS WERE CUT OFF. WHAT SHOULD THE TECHNOLOGIST DO TO CORRECT THIS PROBLEM? | REPEAT THE PA PROJECTION TO INCLUDE ALL THE CARPALS AND ABOUT 1 INCH (2.5 CM) OF THE DISTAL RADIUS AND ULNA |
| A RADIOGRAPH OF AN AP PROJECTION OF TEH ELBOW REVEALS THAT THERE IS COMPLETE SEPARATION OF TEH RADIUS AND ULNA. WHAT POSITIONING ERROR WAS COMMITTED? | EXCESSIVE LATERAL ROTATION |
| A RADIOGRAPH OF A CARPAL CANAL PROJECTION OF THE WRIST REVEALS THAT THE HAMATE IS SUPERIMPOSED OVER THE PISIFORM. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING MEASURES WILL CORRECT THIS PROBLEM? | ROTATE WRIST AND HAND 10 DEGREES INTERNALLY |
| A RADIOGRAPH OF AN AP OBLIQUE ELBOW WITH MEDIAL ROTATION REVEALS THAT THE RADIAL HEAD IS SUPERIMPOSED OVER PART OF THE CORONOID PROCESS. WHAT POSITIONING ERROR WAS COMMITTED? | EXCESSIVE MEDIAL ROTATION |
| A RADIOGRAPH OF THE PA SCAPHOID PROJECTION REVEALS EXTENSIVE OVERLAP OF THE DISTAL SCAPHOID AND ADJACENT CARPALS. WHICH ONE OF THE FOLLOWING FACTORS CAN LEAD TO THIS PROBLEM? | INSUFFICIENT ULNAR FLEXION |
| A PATIENT ENTERS THE ER WITH A POSSIBLE BENNET'S FRACTURE. WHICH ONE OF THE FOLLOWING ROUTINES SHOULD BE PERFORMED TO CONFIRM THIS DIAGNOSIS? | THUMB |
| A PATIENT ENTERS THE ER WITH A POSSIBLE SCAPHOID FRACTURE. THE PATIENT IS UNABLE TO ASSUME THE ULNAR FLEXION POSITION. WHICH POSITIONS SHOUDL BE PERFORMED TO CONFIRM THE DIAGNOSIS? | MODIFIED STECHER |
| A PATIENT WITH A FRACTURED FOREARM HAD THE FRACTURE REDUCED AND A FIBERGLASS CAST PLACED ON THE EXTREMITY. POSTREDUCTION STUDY ORDERED. ORIGINAL TECHNIQUE WAS 60 KVP, 3 MAS. WHICH TECHNIQUE SHOULD BE USED FOR POSTREDUCTION STUDY? | 64 KVP 3 MAS |
| A PATIENT ENTERS THE ER WITH A POSSIBLE DISLOCATION OF THE ELBOW. THE PATIENT HAS THE ELBOW FLEXED MORE THAN 90 DEGREES. WHICH ONE OF TEH FOLLOWING ROUTINES HSOULD BE PERFORMED TO CONFIRM THE DIAGNOSIS? | JONES METHOD AND LIMITED LATERAL PROJECTION |
| A PATIENT ENTERS ER WITH AN ELBOW INJURY. THE PARTIAL FLEXION AP & LATERAL POSITIONS REVEAL POSSIBLE FRACTURE OF THE CORONOID PROCESS. THE ELBOW IS PARTIALLY FLEXED AND HE REFUSES TO EXTEND FURTHER. WHICH POSITION SHOULD BE PERFORMED TO CONFIRM DIAG. | COYLE METHOD WITH 80 DEGREES FLEXION CR ANGLE 45 DEGREES DISTALLY |
| A PATIENT COMES TO RADIOLOGY WITH A HISTORY OF CARPAL TUNNEL SYNDROME. THE PHYSICIAN WANTS TO RULE OUT ABNORMAL CALCIFICATIONS INT HE CARPAL SULCUS. WHICH ONE OF THE FOLLOWING PROJECTIONS WOULD BEST DEMONSTRATE THIS REGION? | GAYNOR HART METHOD |
| THE FORST METACARPAL JOINT POSSES WHAT TYPE OF MOVEMENT? | SELLAR |
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