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Cardiovascular
Cardiovascular Pharmacology
| Question/Term | Answer |
|---|---|
| When clinical signs of volume overload exists, these drugs are used to increase urinary output, decrease blood volume, preload, and cardiac workload. | Diuretics |
| Three types of diuretics used to decrease blood volume and lower blood pressure. | Loop Diuretics, Thiazides, and Potassium-sparing |
| These diuretics depress Na reabsorption in the ascending loop of Henle and promote potassium excretion. | Loop Diuretics |
| furosemide (Lasix); bumetanide (Bumex); toresemide (Demadex) | Class: Diuretics; loop diuretics |
| Diuretics: Prevent Na and water reabsorption in the distal tubules while promoting potassium excretion. | Thiazide |
| hydrochlorothazide (HCTZ) | Class: antihypertensive, diuretic; thiazide diuretic |
| Inhibits aldosterone, causing Na to be excreted in the distal tubule, but sparing potassium. | Potassium-sparing diuretic |
| Spironolactone(Aldactone) | Class; diuretics, potassium sparing diuretics |
| Labs to monitor during Diuretic therapy | BUN, creatinine, electrolyets, potassium levels, glucose, uric acid levels, hypotension, |
| Thiazide diuretics are contraindicated in clients with? | Renal failure. Cumulative effects of the thiazide may develop in patients with impaired renal function. In such patients, thiazides may precipitate azotemia (increased urea). |
| Block epinephrine from interacting with beta receptor sites. | Beta Blockers |
| Selective beta blockers | Lower b/p by blocking beta receptors in the heart and peripheral vessels, reducing heart rate, myocardial contractility, and cardiac output. |
| acebutolol (Sectral); atenolol (Tenormin); betaxolol (Kerlone); bisoprolol (Zebeta); esmolol (Brevibloc); metoprolol (Lopressor and Torprol-XL) | Cardioselective beta-blockers |
| Nonselective beta-blockers | block beta2-adrenergic receptors on the smooth muscle of the bronchioles and blood vessels. Does not only work specially on the heart. |
| nadolol (Corgard); propranolol (Inderal); timolol (Blocadren) | Nonselective beta-blockers |
| Sudden stop of beta-blockers administration can lead to what | HTN crisis |
| before taking beta-blockers med the nurse should assess the ______ which must be over ______ before giving to patient | apical pulse rate; 50bpm |
| iontrope | decreases mycardial contractility |
| chonotrope | decrease heart rate |
| Block the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, one of the most powerful vasoconstrictors in the body, thereby decreasing b/p. | Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (Ace-inhibitors) |
| Ace Inhibitors also blocks the release of what to reduce Na and water retension. | aldosterone. |
| benazepril (Lotensin); captopril (Capoten); enalapril/enalaprilat (Vasotec, Vasotec IV), fosinopril (Monopril), lisinopril (Prinvil, Zestril); moexipril (Univasc); perindopril (Aceon); quinapril (Accupril); ramipril (Altace); trandolapril (Mavik) | Class: antihypertensive; ACE inhibitors. |
| Cardio drugs that cause severe dry cough | Ace inhibitors |
| lab tests considerations for Ace inhibitors | BUN, creatinine, electrolytes, serum potassium, CBC, AST, ALT. |
Created by:
edturner75
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