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Chapter 7- Water
Chapter 7 Comprehension and Vocabulary Questions- Scott Foresman Science
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What would happen if water did not continuously move through the environment? | Life could not exist |
| How are the vocabulary terms aquifer and water table related? | The water table is the top level of groundwater in an aquifer. |
| What is the same about the words evaporation, condensation, precipitation, and sublimation? | Every word ends in -ion, and every word names a process. |
| Could precipitation occur before evaporation? | No, water must first evaporate into the atmosphere before it can condense and fall back to Earth as precipitation. |
| How much of Earth's surface is covered by water? | 75/100, 3/4, or 75 percent |
| What fraction of Earth's water is not ocean water? | 3/100 |
| Approximately what percent of Earth is not covered by the hydrosphere? | About 25 percent |
| What would Earth be like if the hydrosphere covered only 25 percent of its surface? | It would probably have large deserts and much less rainfall. |
| How does the temperature of a cold current change as it approaches the equator? | It gets warmer |
| How would a mouthful of ocean water taste? | Salty |
| A company is deciding whether to set up an outdoor salt processing plant in southern Florida or northern Maine. Which would process salt faster? | Southern Florida- It is warmer in southern Florida, so evaporation is faster. |
| Why does cold water sink under warm water in the ocean? | Cold water is heavier than an equal volume of warm water. |
| What is the measure of how salty water is? | Salinity |
| What causes some ocean water to have a higher salinity than other ocean water? | In warmer areas, water evaporates quickly, so warm ocean water has higher salinity. |
| What does almost all of Earth's fresh water start as? | Rain or snow |
| What is rain and melted snow that soaks into the ground called? | Groundwater |
| What occupies an aquifer? | Groundwater |
| What is an aquifer comprised of? | Layers of rock and soil |
| What is the top level of groundwater in an aquifer called? | The water table |
| Is the water table usually level? | No, it is rarely level because it usually follows the slope of the land, it is higher beneath hills and lower in valleys. |
| What is the layer of rock and soil that groundwater occupies? | An aquifer |
| Does the level of a water table stay the same or change during the year? | It changes during the year- it will rise when water is added by rain or melting snow. It will become lower when there is a drought. |
| How is fresh water different from ocean water? | Ocean water has much more dissolved salt. It is not used for drinking, cooking, or cleaning. |
| What is an artificial lake that forms behind a dam? | A reservoir |
| Where is most of Earth's ice found? | Greenland and Antarctica |
| How much of Earth's fresh water is in ice sheets and glaciers? | 7/10, or 70 percent |
| What is the purpose of chemicals in the water purification process? | Chemicals form tiny sticky particles that attract dirt particles and sink to the bottom of the tank. |
| What acts as a filter to remove small particles from water that flows through it? | Sand |
| Why does water have to be treated before we can use it? | Water is treated to kill bacteria and remove pollutants. |
| How could pollutants get into groundwater? | It is possible for chemicals to wash off from farm fields, parking lots, or lawns and sink into groundwater. |
| What are formed when parts of ice break off from glaciers or ice sheets? | Icebergs |
| Why do cities and towns treat water before it is sent to homes? | To filter out harmful chemicals and bacteria. |
| What is the gas form of water? | Water vapor |
| What are the five steps of the water cycle? | Evaporation, condensation, precipitation, runoff and sublimation |
| What is another possible path in the water cycle- when ice changes directly to water vapor without melting first? | Sublimation |
| What is the changing of liquid water to water vapor (gas)? | Evaporation |
| What is it called when the water vapor turns into liquid, such as water droplets in clouds? | Condensation |
| What is it called when the water falls from clouds as rain, snow, sleet, or hail? | Precipitation |
| In what forms of water is the fresh water on Earth's surface located? | Rivers, Streams, Lakes and Ice |
| What is the area from which water drains into a river? | A watershed |
| What forms when water vapor turns into ice crystals? | Frost |
| When do organisms produce water? | During Respiration |
| The energy of what causes most melting, evaporation and sublimation? | Sunlight, or the sun |
| What is needed to raise water vapor to the clouds and move it by winds? | Energy, originally coming from the sun |
| When water vapor condenses into liquid water, does it release energy? | Yes, it is heat |
| What warms the air or water in the immediate area? | Heat- from the energy released when water vapor condenses into liquit water |
| Plants take in water from what? | The soil |
| When groundwater slowly moves through aquifers into rivers, lakes and the ocean, how many years can it take? | Thousands |
| Where does evaporation take place? | Oceans, Lakes, Rivers and Puddles |
| What does the energy of the Sun affect in Earth's water cycle? | Melting, Evaporation, and Sublimation |
| After sunrise, the sun heats the Earth, causing what to evaporate due to the warmer temperatures? | Frost and Dew |
| What are the forms of precipitation? | Rain, snow, sleet, and hail |
| What factors affect evaporation and condensation? | Sunlight, temperature, and wind |
| What forms when water vapor changes into tiny water droplets or ice crystals? | A cloud |
| Water droplets form when moisture collects on what? | Dust and other particles |
| What brings rain and snow to all parts of the world? | Clouds |
| The temperature of air high in the clouds is often much _______ than the temperature of the air closer to the ground. | Lower |
| What affects the forming of clouds? | Air pressure |
| Clouds often form when air moves _____ to the areas of less air pressure. | Upward |
| What high-altitude clouds form more than 6,000 miles above the ground, and are thin, wispy and white? | Cirrus |
| What clouds grow vertically with air inside them, with their bases as low as 1,000 miles above the ground, but the rising air pushes the tops of the clouds higher than 12,000 miles up? | Vertical clouds or Thunderheads |
| What mid-altitute clouds have their bases between 2,000 miles and 7,000 miles above the ground and look like small, puffy balls? | Altocumulus |
| What low-altitute clouds are often seen less than 2,000 miles above the ground that cover the whole sky and appear dark due to blocking sunlight? | Stratus |
| Whad is a cloud at ground level? | Fog |
| Most rain in the United States starts as what? | Snow |
| Ice crystals will fall as snow if the air _____________ the clouds and ground has a temperature below zero degrees Celsius. | Between |
| What degree must it be above for ice crystals falling from the sky to melt and fall as rain? | Zero degrees Celsius |
| If air near the ground is very cold, what is it called when raindrops freeze before it hits the ground? | Sleet |
| What is also called an ice storm and is rain that freezes as soon as it hits the cold ground or other cold objects? | Freezing rain |
| What falls from a cloud when it has formed many layers of ice and has become too big for the upward winds to lift it? | Hailstones |
| How large can hailstones get? | From the size of a pea to larger than a baseball |
| What happens to snowflakes that fall through the air that is warmer than zero degrees Celsius? | They melt and fall as rain |
| Most clouds over North America are made of what? | Ice crystals |
| Each year, hail causes about how much money in damage to crops and property in the United States? | One Billion Dollars |
Created by:
Mrs.French
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