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Mythology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Cronus | leader and youngest of the first generation of Titans. He overthrew his father and ruled during the mythological Golden Age, until he was overthrown by his own son, Zeus and imprisoned in Tartarus. |
| Uranus | Father Sky was the son and husband of Gaia, Mother Earth. ancestors of most Greek gods. many kids. Was killed by his son Chronus. |
| Ge/Gaia | primordial Earth-goddess. great mother of all: the heavenly gods and Titans were descended from her with Uranus, the sea-gods from union with Pontus, the Giants with Tartarus (the hell-pit) and mortal creatures were born from her earthy flesh. |
| Titans | In the first generation of twelve Titans, the males were Oceanus, Hyperion, Coeus, Cronus, Crius and Iapetus and the females were Mnemosyne, Tethys, Theia, Phoebe, Rhea and Themis. |
| Prometheus | Titan, son of Iapetus and Themis. champion of mankind, known for wily intelligence, stole fire from Zeus, gave to mortals. Zeus had him bound to a rock while an eagle ate his liver. |
| Hestia | Goddess of the hearth. One of the virgin goddesses. |
| Demeter | Goddess of Summer, of Agriculture. Mother of Persephone. Flipped her shit when Persephone was kidnapped. Raped by Poseidon during this same time. |
| Athena/Pallas | Goddess of wisdom and protector of cities. A virgin goddess. Born out of Zeus’ head after he ate her mother, Metis. |
| Asclepius | god of healing and medicine. Son of Apollo. main daughter discussed - Hygieia. Killed by Zeus when he used his medicine to bring a man (Hippolytus) back from the dead (considered too prideful) |
| Aphrodite/Cypris/Cytherea | Goddess of Love, wife to Hephaestus and lover of Hermes (and Ares. And Adonis. And at one point Poseidon.) |
| Hephaestus | God of metal making, husband of Aphrodite, ugly, son of only Hera. Thrown off Olympus (by Hera or maybe Zeus) for being so ugly. |
| Ares | God of Offensive War. Pure bloodlust for war. Aphrodite was his lover. Antithesis to Athena. |
| Hermes | Second youngest Olympian. Messenger god. God of merchants, trickery, theft, also travelers. and boundaries. |
| Pan | Son of Hermes. satyr. Has sex with pretty much everything. Tried to rape Syrinx and she changed into reeds. he then made the pan-pipes |
| Dionysus/Bacchus | God of wine. His mother, semele, was killed during sex with Zeus (because he was in full divine form) To save the fetus, Zeus sewed him up into his thigh until he was old enough to be born. He appeals to the very carnal side of humans. |
| Chaos | Vast dark void that existed in the beginning. |
| Cyclopes | Children of Uranus and Gaia. In Hesiod's Theogony, Zeus releases three Cyclopes from the dark pit of Tartarus. They provide Zeus' thunderbolt, Hades' helmet of invisibility, and Poseidon's trident, and the gods use these weapons to defeat the Titans. |
| Hundred-handed Ones | More children of Uranus and Gaia. Super strong. Thrown into Tartarus by their father. Also known as Hekatonkheires. |
| Giants | More children of Uranus and Gaia; born staright out of the earth herself; often depicted as half human, half serpent |
| Rhea | A Titaness.Marries Chronus. Gives birth to the Olympian Gods. |
| Atlas | Carries the world on his back. |
| Epimetheus | Brother of Prometheus. Name means “Hindsight”. Depicted as foolish and stupid. |
| Pandora | Woman who opened the box that contained all the suffering in the world. |
| Eileithyia | daugher of Zeus and Hera, associated with childbirths |
| Mnemosyne | Titaness. Her name means memory. Mother of the muses. |
| Thetis | Sea Nymph. Mother of Achilles. |
| Amphitrite | Sea goddess. Wife of Poseidon. Mother of Triton. |
| Nereids | 50 daughters of Nereus and Doris, live in Mediterranean Sea. These beautiful women were friendly, helpful towards sailors fighting storms, believed to be able to prophesize. belong to retinue of Poseidon |
| Oceanids | 3000 daughters of the Titans, Oceanus and Tethys. Each was the patroness of a particular spring, river, sea, lake, pond, pasture, flower or cloud |
| Triton | Poseidon’s son, he is always depicted with a conch shell that he uses to tame the tide. |
| Charonn | The ferryboat man who ferries dead souls across the river styx. Greeks were often buried with coins used to pay Charon for his services. |
| Cerberus | three headed dog that guards the gates to Hades to make sure that none of the spirits leave |
| chthonian deities | spirits and heroes of earth or Underworld; concerned with the dead or fertility of earth; chief chthonian gods: Hades and Persephone, but Hecate was also prominant |
| Metis | A Titaness, and Athena’s mother. Persuaded Cronus to take an emetic and vomit up his children; married Zeus and he swallowed her after learning that she would bear a son stronger than he |
| Gorgons | Three monstrous sisters. The most famous is Medusa, who could turn men into stone by looking at them and had snakes for hair. Defeated by Perseus. |
| Leto | Mother of Apollo and Artemis; wandered the earth while pregnant but could not find a place to give birth because of Hera's jealousy; Tityus tried to rape her but her children killed him |
| Hecate | Underworld goddess; goddess of fertility; regularly carried torches |
| Selene | goddess of the moon |
| Dione | mother of Aphrodite; name is the feminine form of the name Zeus |
| Eros/Amor/Cupid | son of Aphrodite. god of love and desire |
| Antiope | princess of Thebes. Zeus seduced as Satyr. pregnant, flees, father chases, uncle finishes war, brings her back. treated like slave, gives birth to Aephion and Zethus - left in wild. escapes prison, runs into sons |
| Europa | Zeus turned into white bull and kidnapped her. Europa climbed on his back; he charged off into sea all the way to the island of Crete. Fathered 3 sons with Europa: Minos, Rhadamanthys, and Sarpedon. |
| Io | One of Zeus’ lovers. Was turned into a cow to hide her from Hera. Wandered the world. |
| Leda | wife of Tyndareus; Zeus seduces by turning into swan. gives birth to 2 sets of twins: M/F. Caster and Pollus & Helen and Clytemestra. In each set one was her husbands and one was Zeus' |
| Semele | Mother of Dionysus. Lover of Zeus. Killed when Zeus has sex with her in his full god form. |
| Ganymede | young boy; Zeus' lover. One myth: Zeus fell in love when he spotted him herding on Mount Ida. Zeus came down in form of eagle or sent eagle to carry him to Olympus where he became cupbearer. constellation Aquarius |
| Amymone | chased by a satyr - Poseidon scared the satyr with his trident; Poseidon slept with Amymone and created a stream at the location |
| Medusa | Gorgon. Had been beautiful once. Now has snakes for hair. People turn to stone if they look in her eyes. |
| Daphne | attempted to avoid men at all costs; Apollo was struck by Eros and fell in love with Daphne and chased her through the woods; Daphne prayed to Ge to turn her into a tree |
| Marpessa | was fought over by Apollo and Idas; she chose Idas because she feared Apollo would abandon her when she grew older |
| Cassandra | Prophetess. Cursed by Apollo with the gift of always being right, but the curse that no one will ever believer her, because she rejected him. She was at Troy when it fell. |
| Cumaean Sibyl | a prophetess that Apollo wanted. He granted her immortality and said that if she slept with him he would give her eternal youth. She said no, kept aging but couldnt die. Eventually shriveled up and dissappeared. |
| Endymion | Zeus gave him the opportunity to choose his own fate and he chose to sleep forever, never growing old |
| Callisto | member of Artemis' hunting troop, took vow of chastity; Zeus disguised as Artemis, slept with her, as a result Callisto turned into a bear and later shot; Zeus immortalizes her by constellation Arctos (the Great Bear) |
| Adonis | Aphrodite's lover; son of Myrrha's incestuous relationship with her father; Aphrodite and Persephone fought over him; Zeus decreed Adonis spend third of year with each goddess and the other on his own |
| Anchises | lover of Aphrodite; she pretended to be mortal and when she revealed her identity as a goddess he became uneasy; one day he revealed his secret while drunk and Zeus struck him with his thunderbolt, crippling Anchises |
| Psyche | Beautiful mortal girl that Eros falls in love with (despite his mother Aphrodite hating her) |
| Syrinx | nymph who pledged to be a virgin huntress; was pursued by Pan but she was transformed into reeds by the water-nymphs; Pan used the reeds to created the first "pan pipes" (syrinx) |
| Herse & Aglaurus | daughters of Cecrops; Athena put Erichthonius into a chest and gave it to them but told them not to look inside; they looked and found that Erichthonius had taken the form of a snake and were frightened |
| Iasion | lover of Demeter - son: Plutus |
| Hyacinthus | youth that Apollo fell in love with; Apollo killed him accidentally one day by throwing a discus; Apollo turned him into a flower |
| Cyparissus | went hunting with Apollo; became attached to animals & made a deer his pet, accidentally killed the deer and became so devastated he couldn’t recover, died of sorrow; Apollo turned him into a Cypress tree |
| Cyrene | lover of Apollo, he transports her to Libya where a city is named in her honor |
| Hermaphroditus | son of Hermes and Aphrodite; Salmacis fell in love with him and prayed to the gods that they would never be separated and as a result their bodies were morphed together |
| Tithonus | lover of Eos |
| Ixion | tried to seduce Hera but she told Zeus- created cloud in shape of Hera and put in his bed. (cloud gave birth to first centaur) Zeus punished by tying him to a fiery wheel that turned forever in the Underworld. |
| Tityus | a giant; tried to rape Leto but was shot by her children; Tityus was punished in the Underworld - his body was stretched out and his liver was eaten |
| Ascalabus | As Demeter was wandering the earth, Ascalabus' mother offered her kykeon and Ascalabus laughed at her because she drank it so fast. Demeter was offended and turned him into a lizard. |
| Demophon | Demeter nursed him and tried to make him a god by roasting him over the fire; the child's mother found her doing this and she dropped him into the fire. |
| Triptolemus | given agricultural instructions by Demeter |
| Arachne | Turned into a spider by Athena. Excellent weaver. (Spiders weave webs) |
| Niobe | boasted that she had more children than Leto. Apollo and Artemis killed her children as punishment. Niobe never stopped crying and was turned into stone. |
| Admetus | the mortal that Apollo was ordered to serve by Zeus; Apollo helped Admetus marry Alcestis |
| Alcestis | wife of Admetus; she agreed to die in place of Admetus and went to the Underworld but was brought back |
| Marsyas | A satyr that played the flute and challenged Apollo to a musical contest, but Apollo won. Apollo hung Marsyas from a tree and skinned him - his blood formed the river Marsyas. |
| Actaeon | Came upon Artemis as she was bathing with her hunting troop - Artemis turned him into a stag and he was torn to pieces. |
| Orion | wanted kids; blinded by King Oenopion of Chios b/c slept with daughter unmarried; killed by Artemis. Apollo tricked twin into shooting him OR Orion boasted that he could hunt all animals in world and Ge sent scorpion |
| Meleager | King Oeneus of Calydon failed to sacrifice to Artemis so she sent a giant wild boar to ravage the Calydon countryside. |
| Atalanta | was the first to wound the boar in the Calydonian Boar Hunt; Meleager kills the boar and presents Atalanta with the boar’s skin. |
| Aeneas | Hero of the Aeneid. Trojan soldier who escaped, with his family from Troy after the Greeks won the Trojan war. Went on an epic journey. Ancestor of Remus and Romulus, who would found Rome. |
| Pygmalion | king of Cyprus who thought all living women were unworthy of him and decided to create an ivory statue of what he considered a perfect woman; sacrificed to Aphrodite; she turned the statue into a real woman |
| Cinyras | became king of Cyprus; his wife became jealous of his attention to Aphrodite; she boasted that her daughters were more beautiful than Aphrodite. Aphrodite made 3 marry foreigners, made Myrrha fall in love with father |
| Myrrha/Smyrna | Aphrodite made her fall in love with her father Cinyras. When he finds out, he pursued her with a sword and she prayed to the gods for rescue and was turned into a tree. 9 months later the tree gave birth to Adonis |
| maenads | along with satyrs, composed Dionysus’ troop that followed him as he attempted to spread his cult. |
| satyrs | Satyrs were typically followers of Dionysus, half human-half goat. Satyr is imaginative projection of man with exaggerated sexual appetites. |
| Lycurgus | Dionysus first tries to establish his cult in Thrace; he drove Dionysus into sea. Dionysus drove Lycurgus into a state of intoxication in which he tried to rape his mother; when he awoke he was so horrified he killed family |
| Pentheus | denounces Dionysus and throws into jail. Dionysus made earthquake that made jail collapse. As punishment Dionysus made Pentheus interested in his cult and caused women to think he was meat to eat. killed by mom |
| Minyades | refused to recognize Dionysus. As punishment, Dionysus drove them mad and caused them to tear apart one of their children and later changed them into bats. |
| Icarius | was cordial toward Dionysus, who gave his shepherds wine. They got intoxicated, killed Icarius, thinking he had poisoned them. His daughter, Erigone, and her dog found his body. Erigone hanged herself over her his grave. |
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