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400TOEFL2
400 must have(19)
| Question | Answer | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| coincide (v.) | Happen or exist at the same time | The Viking attacks on western Europe coincided with an abnormally warm period in the Earth’s climate. | همزمان بودن ، باهم رویدادن ، منطبق شدن |
| consequence (n.) | A result, often one much later in time than the cause | One consequence of global warming may be the flooding of low lying islands. | |
| diminish (v.) | Make something smaller or weaker; become smaller or weaker | The Protestant Reformation diminished the power of the Roman Catholic Pope. | کم شدن ، نقصان یافتن ، تقلیل یافتن |
| longitude (n.) | A system of imaginary lines running from north to south along the Earth’s surface, where each line is numbered from 0º to 180° west or east | The prime meridian, a line running through Greenwich, England, is marked as 0° longitude. | درازا، طول جغرافیائی |
| milieu (n.) | General environment or surroundings | Many Vietnam veterans did not feel comfortable in the antiwar social milieu of the 1970s. | اجتماع، قلمرو، دور وبر، اطراف |
| veteran | کهنه کار، کهنه سرباز، سرباز سابق، کارآزموده | ||
| Orwellian (adj.) | Frightening and overcontrolled by a government that interferes in nearly every aspect of personal life | Biometric devices like eye-scanners allow an Orwellian level of government knowledge about everyone’s location. | |
| reconciliation (n.) | Coming back together peacefully after having been enemies | South Africa avoided a bloodbath after apartheid by setting up a Truth and Reconciliation Commission | اصلاح، آشتی، مصالحه ، تلفیق |
| allocate (v.) | To give out different amounts for different purposes | The budget allocates $58 billion to the military and only about $2 billion to education. | اختصاص دادن ، معین کردن .تخصیص دادن |
| commodity (n.) | A thing that can be bought and sold, such as grain, oil, or wood | Tulip bulbs were one of the most valuable commodities in seventeenth-century Holland. | متاع،کالا |
| decline (v.) | To decrease in power or amount | America’s railroads declined because the automobile dominated American life. | |
| equity (n.) | The value of one’s share in an investment | Barnard’s equity in the business was one-third, or about $350,000. | قاعده انصاف، انصاف بیغرضی، تساوی حقوق |
| investment | سرمایه گذاری | ||
| gross | ناخالص | ||
| per capita (adv.) | For each person | Research shows we’re likely to sell 15 light bulbs per capita per year in medium-sized cities. | |
| regulate (v.) | Control according to a set of rules | Trading on the New York Stock Exchange is regulated by officials of the exchange and by federal law. | |
| subsidy (n.) | Money given by a government or other organization to support an activity | Federal subsidies to grain farmers have helped them stay in business despite three years of bad weather. | اعانه،کمک مالی |
| tangible (adj.) | Obviously real because it can be seen, touched, or otherwise observed | One tangible benefit of putting electrical cables underground is a clearer view of the sky. | قابل لمس، محسوس، پر ماس پذیر، لمس کردنی |
| wealth | توانگری، دارائی، ثروت، مال، تمول، وفور، زیادی | ||
| accumulate (v.) | To build up a large amount of something | Over several generations, the Hardington family accumulated vast wealth by buying and selling land. | |
| affluence (n.) | Wealth and the style of life that goes with it | Mohadzir grew up amid affluence, which poorly prepared him for his grad student days in crowded apartments with no servants. | فراوانی، وفور |
| amid | درمیان ، وسط | ||
| elite (adj.) | Belonging to a special, honored group | Messner is an elite climber who recently ascended an 8,000-meter mountain without extra oxygen. | برگزیدن ، نخبه ، زبده ، گلچین ، ممتاز |
| impoverish (v.) | To make a person or group poor | The collapse of the steel industry impoverished several counties in eastern Ohio. | فقیر کردن ، بی نیرو کردن ، بی قوت کردن ، بی خاصیت کردن |
| county | بخش، شهرستان | ||
| luxury (n.) | Extreme comfort, beyond what anyone needs | Automakers try to give their cars an image of luxury by including extras like heated seats and satellite tracking systems. | |
| collapse | فروریختن ، متلاشی شدن ، دچار سقوط واضمحلال شدن ، غش کردن ، آوار | ||
| nobility (n.) | A group of socially prominent people with special titles given by a king or queen, such as “duke”or “countess” | In the Middle Ages, the nobility supposedly followed a code that required them to take care of poorer people who lived near their estates. | نجابت، اصالت خانوادگی، طبقه نجبا |
| prominent | برجسته ، والا | ||
| prestige (n.) | Honor and respect for being better than the average | The Grassleys enjoyed the prestige of living in the historic town, but they did not feel at home there. | حیثیت، اعتبار، آبرو، نفوذ، قدر ومنزلت. |
| privileged (adj.) | Able to enjoy special advantages because of one’s position (usually because of being born into a wealthy or powerful family) | Despite his privileged position in one of America’s most powerful families, the politician tried to portray himself as an ordinary person. | امتیاز دار، دارای امتیاز یا حق ویژه ، مصون |
| prosper (v.) | To do very well in one’s business or personal life | Vargas prospered after finally patenting his new inventions. | کامکار شدن ، رونق یافتن ، موفق شدن ، کامیاب شدن ، پیشرفت کردن |
| patent | مفتوح، آزاد، محسوس، حق ثبت اختراع، | ||
| working class (n.) | People with low-paying (often unskilled) jobs who are not poor but who are not securely in the middle class | The Farrelly family, like other members of the working class, were proud of their jobs and did not want any handouts from charity or the government. | طبقه کارگر، مربوط به طبقه کارگر و زحمتکش |
| handout | نوبت بازی، اعانه | ||
| acquire (v.) | To get something, usually something with special value or meaning | Bart hoped to acquire the 1898 D Indian Head penny, which would make his collection complete. | بدست آوردن ، حاصل کردن ، اندوختن ، پیداکردن |
| assess (v.) | To estimate the value of something | The Barnes building was assessed at $1.3 million, but it can probably sell for much more than that. | تشخیص دادن ، تعیین کردن ، بستن ، مالیات بستن بر، خراج گذاردن بر، جریمه کردن ، ارزیابی |
| asset (n.) | A possession that has positive value | چیز با ارزش و مفید، ممر عایدی، سرمایه ، دارائ | |
| hazardous (adj.) | Dangerous | Parents have to be careful not to buy children’s clothes and toys made of hazardous materials | |
| jointly (adv.) | Together with one or more other parties | In most states, a husband and wife are assumed to own all their possessions jointly. | |
| lease (v.) | To rent something for a long time (several months or years) | Some drivers prefer to lease a car rather than buy one. | |
| liability (n.) | Legal responsibility for harming a person or property; a disadvantage | Before you go river rafting, you sign a document releasing the trip leaders from liability in case of injury. | مسئولیت، دین ، بدهی، فرض( درمحاسبات ) بدهکاری |
| proprietor (n.) | Owner, usually of a business or a building | The proprietor of Hekman’s Windows is Nels Hekman, grandson of the people who established the factory. | مالک ، ملاک ، متصرف، صاحب حق طبق کتاب |
| safeguard (v.) | To protect | A burglar-alarm system safeguards our house when we go away on vacation. | |
| burglar | دزد، سارق منازل | ||
| sole (adj.) | ONLY | Many people have wanted to invest in Harry’s publishing business, but he remains the sole owner. | |
| invest | گذاردن ، نهادن ، منصوب کردن ، اعطائ کردن سرمایه گذاردن . | ||
| compensate (v.) | To give an employee money or other things in exchange for the work he or she does | My pay doesn’t properly compensate me for my efforts, but my other benefits, like health insurance, fill in the gap. | تاوان دادن ، پاداش دادن ، عوض دادن ، جبران کردن |
| enterprising (adj.) | Creative in thinking of ways to make money | Immigrants are often among the most enterprising members of society, partly because anyone brave enough to make an overseas move is likely to be a risk-taker. | عمل تهورآمیز، امرخطیر، اقدام مهم، ( مانند تاسیس کارخانه وغیره )، سرمایه گذاری، تشکیلات اقتصادی، مبادرت بکاری کردن ، اقدام کردن |
| exploit (v.) | To take advantage of; to treat inconsiderately in order to profit | The foreign mining company exploited our copper resources and then simply left. | (.n): رفتار، کردار، عمل، کاربرجسته ، شاهکار، (.vt): بکار انداختن ، استخراج کردن ، بهره برداری کردن از، استثمار کردن |
| incentive (n.) | A possible benefit that motivates a person to do a certain thing | This city’s willingness to support its public schools gave us an incentive to move here with our two young children. | انگیزه ، فتنه انگیز، آتش افروز، موجب، مشوق |
| inconsiderate | بی ملاحظه ، بی فکر، سهل انگار، بی پروا. | ||
| industrious (adj.) | Willing to work hard | The Dutch settlements in Ottawa County were founded by industrious farmers who objected to frivolous behavior such as dancing. | ماهر، زبر دست، ساعی، کوشا |
| frivolous | سبک رفتار، سبک ، پوچ، بیهوده وبیمعنی، سبکسر، احمق. | ||
| marginal (adj.) | Not very significant or effective | Our new advertising campaign had only marginal success, raising sales by a mere 3 percent | |
| mere | مرداب، محض، خالی، تنها، انحصاری، فقط. | ||
| merit (n.) | Value; success based on one’s work, not on luck | Pay raises at our company are based on merit, as determined by a committee of managers | شایستگی، سزاواری، لیاقت، استحقاق، شایسته بودن ، استحقاق داشتن |
| promote (v.) | To move someone to a higher position in a company | Because of his excellent handling of the Vredeman account, Jim Harris was promoted to vice president. | ترفیع دادن ، ترقی دادن ، ترویج کردن |
| vice president | ایب رئیس جمهور، نایب رئیس، نیابت ریاست | ||
| resign (v.) | To quit one’s job | Because of controversy over his leadership style, Morton resigned from his job as president. | استعفا دادن از، دست کشیدن |
| controversy | هم ستیزی، مباحثه ، جدال، ستیزه ، بحث | ||
| distill (v.) | to remove one liquid from a mixture of liquids by boiling; to get something valuable from a confusing mix of ideas | The forest peoples of Southeast Asia distill an alcoholic drink called arak from a paste of palm berries. | تقطیرشدن ، عرق گرفتن از، چکاندن |
| berry | دانه ، حبه ، تخم ماهی، (گ . ش. ) میوه توتی، توت، | ||
| paste | خمیر، چسب، سریش، گل یا خمیر، نوعی شیرینی، چسباندن ، چسب زدن به ، خمیر زدن | ||
| entrepreneurial (adj.) | Able to create business opportunities from a wide variety of circumstances | Many engineers of the 1970s made great computers, but only a few were entrepreneurial enough to see the business possibilities in the new machines. | کارگشا، مقدم کمپانی، موسس شرکت، پیش قدم درتاسیس |
| haggle (v.) | To argue back and forth about a price | The customer and the shopkeeper haggled over the silver plate for more than an hour. | چانه ، چانه زدن ، اصرار کردن ، بریدن |
| intrepid (adj.) | Fearless | For nearly 200 years, only the most intrepid colonists would cross the Appalachian Mountains. | |
| merchant (n.) | A person who makes a living by selling things | The spice merchants of the eastern markets charged top prices to the Dutch and British sailors, who had come too far to sail away without buying. | بازرگان ، تاجر، داد وستد کردن |
| proportionately (adv.) | In an amount appropriate to each of several recipients | The food aid was distributed proportionately per family, with larger families receiving more. | |
| prototype (n.) | The first one made of a machine or system | The airplane manufacturer uses robots to test every prototype, just in case there is a problem with the design. | نخستین بشر، اصل ماده ، نخستین آفریده ، نمونه اصلی، شکل اولیه ، مدل پیش الگو، پیش گونه .نمونه اولیه |
| shuttle (v.) | To move back and forth often between two places | The small jet shuttles between Kuala Lumpur and Singapore nearly every two hours. | ترنی که فقط در مسیر معینی آمد ورفت کند، لرزنده ، رفت وآمدن کردن |
| advocate (v.) | To speak out in favor of something | Some environmentalists advocate removing large dams from the Columbia River. | دفاع کردن ، طرفداری کردن ، حامی، طرفدار، وکیل مدافع |
| authority (n.) | The power to make decisions, to tell others what to do. | The governor has the authority to call the legislature together for emergency sessions. | قدرت، توانائی، اختیار، اجازه ، اعتبار، نفوذ، مدرک یا ماخذی از کتاب معتبریا سندی، نویسنده ئ معتبر |
| legislature | هیئت مقننه ، مجلس، قوه مقننه | ||
| bitterly (adv.) | Strongly and with a lot of bad feelings | Senator Thomas bitterly opposed the movement to design a new state flag. | |
| coalition (n.) | A group of several different groups or countries that are working together to achieve a certain goal. | Several local churches, mosques, synagogues, and temples formed a coalition to promote understanding among people of different religions. | ائتلاف، پیوستگی، اتحاد موقتی. |
| inaugurate (v.) | To bring into public office; to start formally | An effort to bring electric service to farms and small towns was inaugurated with the Rural Electrification Act of 1936. | گشودن ، افتتاحکردن ، بر پا کردن ، براه انداختن ، دایر کردن ، آغاز کردن |
| policy (n.) | An approved way for approaching a certain kind of situation | The policy said that government money could not be given to any private hospital. | سیاست، خط مشی، سیاستمداری، مصلحت اندیشی، کاردانی، بیمه نامه ، ورقه بیمه ، سند معلق به انجام شرطی، اداره یاحکومت کردن |
| approve | تصویب کردن ، موافقت کردن (با)، آزمایش کردن ، پسند کردن ، رواداشتن | ||
| poll (v.) | To find out a small group’s opinion so that you can guess what a much larger group thinks | The newspaper polled 500 registered voters and found that only 27 percent were in favor of expanding the city zoo. | .رای گرفتن ، نمونه برداشتن ، سر شماری کردن |
| chronologically (adv.) | In order according to time | Allen’s book is arranged chronologically, from the First Crusade in 1095 to the fall of Granada in 1492. | بترتیب وقوع.بترتیب تاریخی، دارای تسلسل تاریخ |
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