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anthropology exam 3
primates and monkeys
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Primate social patterns | Communication important dominance hierarchy conflict resolution necessary |
| Homo | Fully bipedal long legs and short arms very large brains culture and language # of species in past .. unknown |
| Bonobus | More gracile, terrestrial, bipedal than the common chimps femal dominated society sex used to relieve tension |
| Chimps social structures | large communities 50+ members very fluid society associate w/ mother and other siblings through out life Strong male-male bonds male dominance dependent on the others |
| Chimpanzee | pantroglodyles - common chimp omnivores - eat leaves, fruits, insects, small mammals knuckle walkers long arms and short legs reduced sexual dimorphism males 100+lbs females- 80+lbs use tools |
| Social structure of gorillas | Live in groups called harems one adult male (silverback) several females with their offspring young adults move off to other groups |
| Gorillas | Gorilla gorilla gorilla graven equatorial africa terrestrial-not much in trees knuckle walker Long arms and short legs vegetarian largest of living primates shy and gentle quite pronounced sexual dimorphism males -300+lbs females -150+ lbs |
| Orangutans | Pongo pygmaeus pongo abelii Boreno and sumatra arboreal - females spend more time in trees than males quadrumanual- Four handed locomotion fist walker when on the ground pronounced sexual dimorphism males -200+ females-100+ |
| Homonoids (great apes) | Large bodies short trunk no tails mobile shoulders and hip joints large brains increased period of development complex behavior dental formula 2:1:2:3 |
| Gibbons & siamangs (lesser apes) | southeastern asia small bodies -15-25 lbs true brachiators long arms long curved fingers powerful shoulder muscles no sexual dimorphism: male/ females similar |
| Brain sizes | § Chimp- 400cc § Austrlopithecus- 350-450cc § H. Habilis- 600cc § H. erectus- 1000cc § H. sapiens- 1350cc |
| How do hominoids (apes) differ from hominids (bipeds) | Teeth Reduced canine size in hominids Shortened and lighter jaws Thicker tooth enamel Hominids – thick tooth enamel Smaller front teeth, larger back teeth Facial Prognathism Brian size Hands and feet Locomotion |
| Gigantopithecus | Found in asia 8-.5 Mya large teeth ate bamboo about 10ft tall around 660lbs |
| Sivapithecus | found in asia 14-7 MYA quadruped but some suspension Has a thick tooth enamel possible ancestor of modern orangutans |
| Oreopithecus | found in africa and europe (italian coal mine) 9-7 MYA has the ape dental formula and post cranium small brain |
| Dryopithecus | found in europe 12-8 million years ago had ape dental formula and post cranium large body frugivor long limbs |
| Proconsul | The "dental ape" dental code 2:1:2:3 Had premolars, canines monkey-like postcranially but probably no tail Arboreal quadrupeds shoulder joint limited limb length equal not a knuckle walker |
| Miocene apes | geographically diverse 1st in africa then in europe |
| Aegyptopithecus | Was an early Catarrhine was found in egypt had a dental formula of 2:1:2:3 |
| Oligocene | the first true anthropoids primitive anthropoids ate fruit dental formula 2:1:3:3 possible ancestor of New and Old world primates |
Created by:
boisepanda
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